Bioactivity and Mycochemical Profile of Extracts from Mycelial Cultures of Ganoderma spp.

Abstract

Fungal mycelium cultures are an alternative to natural sources in order to obtain valuable research materials. They also enable constant control and adaptation of the process, thereby leading to increased biomass growth and accumulation of bioactive metabolites. The present study aims to assess the biosynthetic potential of mycelial cultures of six Ganoderma species: G. adspersum, G. applanatum, G. carnosum, G. lucidum, G. pfeifferi, and G. resinaceum. The presence of phenolic acids, amino acids, indole compounds, sterols, and kojic acid in biomass extracts was determined by HPLC. The antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of the extracts and their effects on the inhibition of selected enzymes (tyrosinase and acetylcholinesterase) were also evaluated. The total content of phenolic acids in the extracts ranged from 5.8 (G. carnosum) to 114.07 mg/100 g dry weight (d.w.) (G. pfeifferi). The total content of indole compounds in the extracts ranged from 3.03 (G. carnosum) to 11.56 mg/100 g d.w. (G. lucidum) and that of ergosterol ranged from 28.15 (G. applanatum) to 74.78 mg/100 g d.w. (G. adspersum). Kojic acid was found in the extracts of G. applanatum and G. lucidum. The tested extracts showed significant antioxidant activity. The results suggest that the analyzed mycelial cultures are promising candidates for the development of new dietary supplements or pharmaceutical preparations.

Polyamines in Edible and Medicinal Fungi from Serbia: A Novel Perspective on Neuroprotective Properties

“…All of this further indicates that the mycochemical composition of fruiting bodies is significantly influenced by their growth habitat and the type of extraction solvent polarity [3,40]. The mycelia of G. applanatum from Poland contained a significantly lower TPC in contrast to G. resinaceum, where the TPC was in accordance with our results [22]. It is important to highlight that this study represents the first report of TFC content in C. prunulus, L. nuda, and M. elata.…”

“…The advantageous effects of fungal polyphenols are mainly connected to their antioxidant attributes, whereas carbohydrates obtained from fungi exhibit immunomodulatory activity, along with various other biological activities. Nevertheless, emerging studies indicate that these compounds might also contribute to promoting neuroprotection [8,[20][21][22]. Generally, previous findings have emphasized the potential of phenolic acids from fungi-particularly caffeic, cinnamic, and p-hydroxybenzoic acids-as effective antioxidants and inhibitors of AChE [3,8,22,23], while the effects of other secondary metabolites (e.g., polyamines, terpenes, etc.)…”

“…Nevertheless, emerging studies indicate that these compounds might also contribute to promoting neuroprotection [8,[20][21][22]. Generally, previous findings have emphasized the potential of phenolic acids from fungi-particularly caffeic, cinnamic, and p-hydroxybenzoic acids-as effective antioxidants and inhibitors of AChE [3,8,22,23], while the effects of other secondary metabolites (e.g., polyamines, terpenes, etc.) on the mentioned activities are largely neglected.…”

Effect of Methyl Jasmonate Elicitation on Triterpene Production and Evaluation of Cytotoxic Activity of Mycelial Culture Extracts of Ganoderma applanatum (Pers.) Pat.

“…Among other things, the cytotoxic effects of extracts obtained from mycelial cultures of six Ganoderma species were tested against 16F10 mouse melanoma cells. Ganoderma carnosum extract was confirmed to have the highest activity of 43.29% at 0.15 mg/mL [ 39 ].…”

Nomenclature of the Beeswax bracket (Ganoderma pfeifferi), a European wood decay fungus with medicinal properties

“…While the name F. advena is completely unknown, the name G. pfeifferi matches 722 results in Google Scholar searches. Since this species is a promising medicinal mushroom (e.g., Mothana & al., 2000, 2003; Niedermeyer & al., 2005, 2013; Lindequist & al., 2015; Al‐Fatimi & al., 2016; Siwulski & al., 2017; Yalcin & al., 2020; Rašeta & al., 2021; Sułkowska‐Ziaja & al., 2022), and considered a bioindicator of the naturalness of beech habitats in Europe (e.g., Christensen & al., 2004; Adamčík & al., 2007; Langer & al., 2015), the conservation of the already well‐known and widely used name seems necessary. Therefore, a formal proposal to conserve G. pfeifferi over F. advena will be prepared for solving the widely used scientific binomial for the Beeswax bracket fungus.…”