Bioactivity evaluation for volatiles and water extract of commercialized star anise

Abstract

Background Usually, it takes about a year since the harvested fresh star anise fruit (SAF) reaches the market for consumer usage, all this time with different handling processes and different storage circumstances greatly affect its quality as well as its chemical composition and biological activity. Aim This study investigated the chemical constituents for volatiles and water extracts of commercialized SAF, as well as, their bioactivities. Results The chemical constituents were dominated by Trans -Anethole (47.16 %), estragole (14.4 %), and foeniculin (8.86 %) in the essential oils. Meanwhile, Coumarin, Apigenin, and Rosmarinic were the predominant phenolics of water extract. The result reflects a distinction of water extract to minimize mycotoxin secretion in liquid media. The SAF-volatiles were more effective in inhibiting microbial growth of the investigated bacterial and fungal strains. Conclusion Although samples were commercially collected from markets, their extracts were still capable to inhibit up to 55 % of fungal growth. The SAF water extract exhibited a moderate and selective cytotoxic effect (IC 50 = 114.9 μg/ml) against HepG2 cell lines compared to the low impact of essential oil (IC 50 = 513.8 μg/ml). Which led to the conclusion that despite the long-time span for SAF till it reaches the market, aqueous extract maintained a good ability for reducing mycotoxins-secretion from fungi grown in liquid media. This result emphasizes the role of the phenolics of water extracts' as an anti-mycotoxigenic agent.

Illicium verum (Star Anise) and Trans-Anethole as Valuable Raw Materials for Medicinal and Cosmetic Applications

“…Additionally, the highest content of the other chemical compounds and the best quality of the essential oil was achieved after SFE. In another investigation by Sabry et al [14], the content of trans-anethole obtained by the hydrodistillation (HD) method was smaller (47.16%) in comparison to the SFE used by Wang et al [13].…”

“…Sabry et al [14] evaluated the antibacterial activities of I. verum volatile-oil extract and water extract against four bacterial strains: Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella typhi and S. aureus. It was revealed that the volatile-oil extract showed stronger antibacterial activity than the water extract (MIC = 6.6-10.0 µL SAF/mL and MIC = 16.4-29.6 µL SAF/mL, respectively).…”

Efficacy of Bottle Gourd Seeds’ Extracts in Chemical Hazard Reduction Secreted as Toxigenic Fungi Metabolites

“…Besides, extracts of plants showed a valuable capacity for toxigenic fungal growth (assessed in synthetic media) [14,15]. The promising impacts of wild plants like stevia, Opuntia Ficus indica [16,17], and star anise [18] were recorded. Also, extracted seed oils showed a significant ability to inhibit mycotoxin production by their toxigenic fungi strains, among which were jojoba, jatropha [19], black cumin seed [20], pomegranate oil [21], and hibiscus oils [22].…”

Bioactive Molecules of Mandarin Seed Oils Diminish Mycotoxin and the Existence of Fungi

“…Furthermore, there is a large category of harmful microorganisms known as toxigenic fungi. These fungi possess the capacity to produce chemical substances recognized as mycotoxins [ 12 , 13 ]. These toxins are secondary metabolites secreted by fungi, and as highly dangerous compounds they act as a hidden enemy threat concerning crop production, as well as, animals and public health.…”

“…The application of plant extracts as a rich source of bioactive molecules in the growth media of fungi could affect their metabolic pathways [ 13 ]. These changes decrease the harmful impact of fungal contamination due to the absence or by limiting the existence of secondary metabolites [ 19 ].…”