Bioactivity-Guided Fractionation of Physical Fatigue-Attenuating Components from Rubus parvifolius L.

Abstract

Alleviation of fatigue has been emerging as a serious issue that requires urgent attention. Health professionals and sports physiologists have been looking for active natural products and synthetic compounds to overcome fatigue in humans. This study was designed to define the anti-fatigue property of Rubus parvifolius L. (RPL) by characterization of active constituents using a mouse forced swimming test model. Four RPL fractions with different polarities containing anti-fatigue activity were sequentially isolated from the n-butanol RPL extract, followed by elution of 50% ethanol-water fraction from D101 macroporous resin chromatography to obtain nigaichigoside F 1 , suavissimoside R 1 and coreanoside F 1 . Active constituents of the 50% ethanol-water eluate of RPL were total saponins. The fractions were examined based on the effect on weight-loaded swimming capacity of mice. Serum levels of urea nitrogen (SUN), triglyceride fatty acids (TG), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), lactic acid (LA), ammonia and hepatic glycogen (HG) were also examined for potential mechanisms underlying the anti-fatigue effect of RPL extracts. During the experiment, two inflammatory markers, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) in serum, were measured. We found that total saponins from RPL possess potent capabilities to alleviate mouse fatigue induced by forced swimming and that nigaichigoside F 1 was responsible for the pharmacological effect. The underlying mechanisms include delays of SUN and LA accumulation, a decrease in TG level by increasing fat consumption, increases in HG and LDH so that lactic acid accumulation and OPEN ACCESSMolecules 2013, 18 11625 ammonia in the muscle were reduced, and suppression of increased immune activation and inflammatory cytokine production. Our findings will be helpful for functional identification of novel anti-fatigue components from natural medicinal herbs.

Novel colon‐available triterpenoids identified in raspberry fruits exhibit antigenotoxic activities in vitro

“…Although recent work reported that sulforaphane decreased H 2 O 2 ‐mediated oxidative damage and activated the Nrf2/ARE pathway in CCD841 cells, concentrations of 2.5–40 μM were required to elicit this effect. Triterpenoids have been reported to have other relevant bioactivities; oleanolic acid glycosides influence GI transit in mice ; triterpenoids modulate intestinal transport ; purified triterpenoids from Rubus parvifolius , including suavissimoside R1 and coreanoside F1, have antifatigue effects in mice and TRFs from Korean raspberries have potent anti‐inflammatory effects . In many cases, these triterpenoids are isolated from nonedible plant parts such as roots or leaves, which would not form part of the normal diet.…”

Small Molecule Oligopeptides Isolated from Walnut (Juglans regia L.) and Their Anti-Fatigue Effects in Mice

“…In the past few decades, physicians and researchers have been looking for natural active substances and synthetic chemicals to enhance physical fitness, postpone fatigue, and accelerate the elimination of fatigue and recovery from physical exertion in people, especially for athletes [3,9]. However, many of the active products are limited due to side effects.…”

Hydroxyoleoside-type seco-iridoids from Symplocos cochinchinensis and their insulin mimetic activity

“…Based on NMR, MS and optical rotation data and comparison with literature values, the known compounds were elucidated as, 10-cinnamoyloxyoleoside ( 7 ) 27 , (8 R ,9 S )-8,9-dihydromegastigmane-4,6-diene-3-one ( 12 ) 24 , nigaichigoside F1 ( 13 ) 28 , and trachelosperoside A1 ( 14 ) 29 (Fig. 1).…”