Bioactivity of aqueous extracts of Clibadium sylvestre (Aubl.) Baill. and Derris amazonica Killip on the aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer, 1776) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

Abstract

Studies with botanical insecticides have become more popular as an alternative to Integrated Pest Management. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of leaf and fruit aqueous extracts, from the species Clibadium sylvestre, and leaves and root of Derris amazonica species at concentrations of 0, 1, 2, 4 and 8%, in the control of the aphid Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Four experiments were conducted; two tests with choice preference and two tests with no choice preference, giving nine treatments and five repetitions. Phytochemical screening was carried out from the leaves and fruit of the species C. sylvestre and leaves and root of D. amazonica. Evaluations of mortality, number of nymphs, and deterrence index of the insects were conducted 24, 48 and 72 h after the application of the extracts. The aqueous extracts tested from C. sylvestre fruit concentrations had the highest mortality compared to the control; in the analysis of the number of the nymphs, the aqueous extract from fruit at 8% concentration had a higher efficiency than the other treatments. The D. amazonica leaves extract at 1% concentration showed the highest mortality and the lowest number of nymphs. The D. amazonica root extracts increased mortality at all concentrations tested, and the 8% concentration had the fewest nymphs. All treatments showed a deterrent effect. The 72 h period showed the greatest effect of the extracts, on two species of insects. Index terms:Organic agriculture, botanical insecticides, cunaniol, rotenone. RESUMOEstudos com inseticidas botânicos vêm ganhando espaço como alternativa no Manejo Integrado de Pragas. Conduziu-se este trabalho com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de extratos aquosos de folhas e frutos da espécie Clibadium sylvestre, e folhas e raízes da espécie Derris amazonica nas concentrações 0, 1, 2, 4 e 8%, no controle do pulgão Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Foram conduzidos quatro ensaios, dois testes de preferência sem chance de escolha e dois testes de preferência com chance de escolha, totalizando nove tratamentos com cinco repetições. Foi realizada a triagem fitoquímica das folhas e dos frutos da espécie C. sylvestre e das folhas e das raízes de D. amazonica. As avaliações de mortalidade, número de ninfas e índice de deterrência dos insetos, foram realizadas 24, 48 e 72 horas após a aplicação dos extratos. Os extratos aquosos do fruto do C. sylvestre nas concentrações testadas apresentaram maior mortalidade frente à testemunha, na análise do número de ninfas, o extrato aquoso do fruto do C. sylvestre a 8% apresentou maior eficiência que os demais tratamentos. O extrato da folha de D. amazonica na concentração 1% apresentou maior mortalidade e menor número de ninfas que os demais tratamentos. Os extratos da raiz de D. amazonica aumentaram a mortalidade em todas as concentrações testadas e a concentração 8% da raiz de D. amazonica, apresentou menor número de ninfas. Todos os tratamentos testados apresentaram efeito deterrente. O período de 72 horas foi o que apresentou ma...

Malpighia emarginata DC. bagasse acetone extract: Phenolic compounds and their effecton Spodoptera frugiperda(J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

“…Flavonoids such as quercetin participate in important processes, including development and plant defense, inhibition of the regulation of digestive enzymes, strengthening of plant cell walls, and decrease in the palatability to herbivores (Schoonhoven et al, 2005;Chen, 2008;Filgueiras et al, 2011). Vandock et al (2012) reported that flavonoids affect enzymes, preventing enzymatic reactions that are vital to the development, and are considered anti-nutritional and highly toxic to insects.…”

“…Instead, they concluded that their toxicity is derived from reactive oxygen species such as semiquinone radicals and quinones, which are formed by oxidation of tannins in insects' high intestinal pH. Flavonoid quercetin, also identified in ABF, is known to decrease the palatability of plant tissues to herbivores and to inhibit enzymatic reactions that are vital for insect development (Filgueiras et al, 2011;Vandock et al, 2012).…”

Larvicidal activity of the crude methanolic extract from leaves of Clibadium surinamense against Aedes aegypti

“…These compounds are powerful stimulants of the central nervous system, and their convulsant activity has been demonstrated in mammals and fish to involve the GABAergic system (COSTA et al, 2006;hAMOy et al, 2018). Because mosquitoes of the genus Aedes also have GABA as a neurotransmitter, they are vulnerable to the neurotoxic activities of cunaniol and Phytochemical analysis of leaves and fruits of C. sylvestre revealed tannins to be the most common secondary metabolites in this plant (FILGueIRAS et al, 2011). Tannins have several known biological functions, such as larvicidal activity (NeRy et al, 2009), which was demonstrated by Silva et al (2004) using an extract from Magonia pubescens.…”

Effects of Aqueous Extracts from Amazon Plants on Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) and Brevicoryne brassicae (Homoptera: Aphididae) in Laboratory, Semifield, and field trials

“…on the second- and fourth-instar larvae of Spodoptera littoralis , leading to mortality; W. solanacea and Witheringia coccoloboides (Dammer) were shown to contain cytotoxic compounds, whereas Clibadium sp. contains tannins, glycosides, sesquiterpenes, carotenoids, terpenoids, essential oils, and alkaloids (Filgueiras et al 2011), which may explain the decreased leaf consumption by larvae. The latter two species also contain inorganic salts such as oxalic acid, which results in the formation of oxalate (Sefa-Dedeh and Agyir-Sackey 2004, Chávez and Enriquez 2013) in Xanthosoma poeppigii and calcium oxalate (Finley 1999) in D. costata .…”