Bioactivity of novel functionally structured titanium‐ceramic composites in contact with human osteoblasts

Abstract

The aim of this study was to analyze the osteogenic cell behavior on the surface of novel functionally graded titanium-based composites containing bioactive ceramics. Titanium grade V discs (8 × 3 mm) embedding gradual content of hydroxyapatite (TiAlV-HA) or beta-tricalcium phosphate (TiAlV-βTCP) were produced by hot-pressing technique. Titanium-ceramic composite discs and Ti grade V (control group) were placed in contact with human osteoblast culture assays. The morphology and adhesion of osteoblasts were inspected by field emission guns scanning electron microscopy (FEGSEM) while cell viability was assessed by fluorometric method. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and fluorescent microscopic analyses were used to evaluate mineralization on the test and control discs. FEGSEM images showed cells adhered to Ti6Al4V-ceramic and Ti6Al4V surfaces over a period of 24 h, and therefore, an intense proliferation of osteoblasts and spreading cells was noticed for 7 days. Cell viability increased with time on all the surfaces although TiAlV-βTCP revealed significant higher percentage of cell viability than that recorded for TiAlV-HA (p < 0.01). TiAlV-βTCP also showed the highest hydrophilic character. ALP levels increased on the Ti6Al4V-ceramic surfaces when compared to the control group. Also, a qualitative analysis of mineralization evidenced an increase in mineral content on TiAlV-HA or TiAlV-βTCP groups. Novel functionally graded composites based on Ti grade V and hydroxyapatite or βTCP showed a higher bioactivity in presence of osteoblasts than that recorded on Ti grade V. Also, such functionally graded materials can prevent risks of failures by detachment of bioactive ceramic materials during implant placement. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 1923-1931, 2018.

Multifunctional Properties of Quercitrin-Coated Porous Ti-6Al-4V Implants for Orthopaedic Applications Assessed In Vitro

“…In fact, in vivo studies evaluating different silver coatings have shown either no differences or decreased bone formation [6][7][8]. Other studies have focused on the coating of the surfaces with molecules that improved osteoblast proliferation and differentiation without testing bacterial response [9,10]. The development and application of multifunctional coatings that could inhibit bacterial cell adhesion while still promoting osseointegration could be a promising approach as these two issues are intimately related [3,4].…”

Gingival fibroblasts behavior on bioactive zirconia and titanium dental implant surfaces produced by a functionally graded technique

“…However, scientific support for its biological behavior in contact with FGM samples are still insufficient. 21 Our study hypothesizes that by incorporating bioactive particles, the shear strength of the composite materials would decreased. Yet, micro-hardness results have suggested that adding calcium-phosphate compounds increase materials microhardness.…”

“…As previously described, we have used hot pressing technique to produce functionally graded materials. 21 , 23 Ti6Al4V powders were mechanically mixed with hydroxyapatite (HA) or beta-tricalcium phospate (ßTCP) in a proportion of 95 wt % Ti6Al4V, and 5 wt % HA or ßTCP, using a stainless steel jar containing steel mill balls, at 25 rpm for 21 hours. The powder mixture was dehydrated at 110ºC for 1 h and placed into graphite molds.…”

“… 22 For the vickers hardness tests, a Vickers micro-hardness tester (DuraScan, emcotest, Germany) was used on 4.9N (500g) loading for 15s; the average hardness was calculated from five indentations on each of three different groups. 21 , 22 Roughness was measured by determining Ra and Rz values, according to ISO 4287-1997, using a contact profilometer (Surftest SJ 201 from Mitutoyo, Japan), at a 4 mm evaluation length, a 0.8 mm cut-off wavelength, and a 0.25 mm/s scan speed (n=3). Roughness average (Ra) was determined as average length between peaks and valleys and deviation from mean line, and the peak-to-valley roughness (Rz) as average vertical distance between the highest and the lowest peak.…”

“…Titanium and zirconia materials – modified with these bioactive compounds, and using this strategy – have already been observed to enhance osteoblast activity. 21 , 22 Osteoblastic cell behavior has been widely characterized for bioactive calcium phosphate materials, but not much is known regarding cellular events involving soft tissue response and fibroblast adhesion.…”