Bioactivity of PEEK GRF30 and Ti6Al4V SLM in Simulated Body Fluid and Hank’s Balanced Salt Solution

Abstract

In recent years, scientists have defined two main paths for orthopedic implant fabrication: searching for new materials with properties closest to natural bone in order to reduce the stress-shielding effect or creating individually adapted geometry of the implant with the use and Rapid Prototyping methods. Therefore, materials such as PEEK GRF30 and Ti6Al4V selective laser melting (SLM) are of interest. They are defined as materials suitable for implants, however, the knowledge of their bioactivity, a feature which is one of the most desirable properties of biomaterials, is still insufficient. Using Simulated Body Fluid and Hank’s Balanced Salt Solution, the bioactivity of PEEK GRF30 and Ti6Al4V SLM was assessed, as well as commercial Ti6Al4V as a reference material. Ten cylindrical samples of each material were prepared and immersed in solutions per period from 2 to 28 days at 37 °C. Optical analysis of the changes on the examined surfaces suggested that right after 2-day crystals with different morphologies were formed on each material. Further analysis of the chemical composition of the altered surfaces confirmed the formation of a calcium phosphate layer on them, however, the Ca/P ratio was slightly different from 1.67. On the basis of the obtained results, it can be concluded that both PEEK GRF30 and Ti6Al4V SLM are characterized by appropriate—comparable to Ti6Al4V—bioactivity.

Evaluation of Corrosion Performance of AZ31 Mg Alloy in Physiological and Highly Corrosive Solutions

“…The chemical composition of HBSS was selected so that the concentration of ions was comparable to the concentration of biological fluids, and the pH value was the same as that of human blood. Osteoconductive biomaterials, when immersed in HBSS, have been shown to form an apatite layer on their surface . So, the accumulation of magnesium phosphate (Mg 3 (PO 4 ) 2 ) and hydroxyapatite Ca 10 (OH) 2 (PO 4 ) 6 ) on AZ31 may indicate that the corrosion products derived from AZ31 would provide an alloy surface that has bioactive properties and is potentially osteoconductive.…”

Picosecond laser‐induced hybrid groove structures on Ti‐6Al‐4V bio‐alloy to accelerate osseointegration

“…A biomaterial that shows good bioactivity in SBF will readily allow growth of HAP on its surface, support adhesion, differentiation and multiplication of cells on its surface with HAP layer working as a natural scaffold when it comes in contact with blood plasma. 21 During initial days of immersion, distinct deposition of crystals with various surface morphologies was observed on G-P and G-NP.…”

Surface Enhancement in Ti-6al-4v Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting on Bone-Like Apatite Formation

“…Also, Samples D and Sample E showed relatively small spheroidal structures in the form of elongated aggregates produced on the surface of the samples. This chemical treatment homogenously improves the micro/nanostructures on the surface of an implant [53,54] and is beneficial for bone-like apatite formation [55].…”