Bioanalytical tools for the evaluation of organic micropollutants during sewage treatment, water recycling and drinking water generation

Macova, M.; Toze, Simon; Hodgers, Leonie; Mueller, Jochen F.; Bartkow, M. E.; Escher, Beate I.

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2011.05.032

Cited by 108 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Thus the majority of NDMA exposure for humans is not from drinking water consumption and the increased risk to human health from NDMA provided by drinking water consumption is still relatively minor. Our assessment of a low health risk from ROtreated WW agrees with other assessments undertaken using multiple bioassays (Van Buynder et al 2009;Escher et al 2011;Macova et al 2011). In particular, screening undertaken during the project using a cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay with a human lymphoblastoid cell-line indicated that there was no significant cytotoxicity or genotoxicity for either secondary wastewater or RO-treated wastewater (Van Buynder et al 2009), and the toxicity of RO-treated WW has been shown to be indistinguishable from that of drinking water .…”

Section: Screening Health Risk Assessment Of Ro Permeatesupporting

confidence: 88%

Chemicals in reverse osmosis-treated wastewater: occurrence, health risk, and contribution to residual dissolved organic carbon

Linge

Blair

Busetti

et al. 2012

Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua

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The quality and safety of reverse osmosis (RO)-treated secondary wastewater, for indirect potable re-use, was assessed using a dataset of 375 chemicals measured in RO-treated wastewater. A screening health risk assessment indicated that four N-nitrosamines were of potential concern, although median concentrations of these chemicals were always below health values. The most frequently detected chemicals in RO-treated water were disinfection by-products, volatile organic compounds, metals and complexing agents, in contrast to many monitoring programs that focus on pharmaceuticals, personal care products and hormones. Frequent detections in RO-treated wastewater were most related to high concentrations in secondary wastewater, relative to limit of reporting, and the potential for chemicals to form or be added during the treatment process, rather than poor rejection by RO membranes. Between 3.7 and 10.7 μg/L of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in RO permeate could be attributed from chemicals detected on at least one occasion, with the majority of this total attributed to chemicals detected in less than 25% of samples. While chemicals below detection may contribute a significant component of DOC, it is likely that natural organic matter and soluble microbial products still contribute the majority of DOC to RO permeate. 2A high degree of safety is demonstrated for the use of RO-treated wastewater as an indirect source of potable water.

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Section: Screening Health Risk Assessment Of Ro Permeatesupporting

confidence: 88%

Chemicals in reverse osmosis-treated wastewater: occurrence, health risk, and contribution to residual dissolved organic carbon

Linge

Blair

Busetti

et al. 2012

Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua

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“…Neurotoxicity was reduced by 73% during the sewage treatment process and 100% reduction was achieved at the end of the GWRP. This reduction efficiency corresponds well to the study of Macova et al (2011) on reclamation plants in Australia. Cytotoxicity was low overall and only recorded in the GSTP inlet for March 2010 andFebruary 2011 (13% and25% respectively).…”

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confidence: 88%

“…Toxicity of raw and treated wastewater has been demonstrated in previous research (Farcy et al, 2011;Gagné et al, 2011;Macova et al, 2011). Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) like polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorine pesticides, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are typically responsible for many of the toxic effects of wastewater and are characterised by persistence, resisting chemical and biological degradation; the most effective means of removal seems to be dissolved organic carbon (DOC), powder activated carbon (PAC) and ozonation (Bolong et al, 2009;Katsoyiannis and Samara, 2007a;Stalter et al, 2011).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Oestrogen, testosterone, cytotoxin and cholinesterase inhibitor removal during reclamation of sewage to drinking water

Faul

Julies

Pool

2013

WSA

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Namibia is the driest sub-Saharan country in Africa. Namibia's capital, Windhoek, reclaims sewage water for domestic use at the Goreangab Water Reclamation Plant (GWRP). Risks associated with sewage effluent and reclaimed sewage should be closely monitored; therefore water at the Gammams Sewage Treatment Plant (GSTP) inlet and outlet, as well as reclaimed water from the GWRP, were assayed using selected bioassays. Samples collected were analysed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent-assays and chromogenic tests for steroid hormones, neurotoxicity, cytotoxicity and inflammatory activity. Estradiol level at the sewage treatment inlet was 78 pg/mℓ and the treated sewage level showed an 83% to 95% reduction in this, while after reclamation the level was below detection limit. Estrone concentrations at the sewage treatment inlet ranged from 10 to 161 pg/mℓ. Sewage treatment reduced estrone by between 85% and 92%. After reclamation the level of estrone was below detection limit. Testosterone ranged between 162 and 405 pg/mℓ at the sewage plant inlet. Sewage treatment removed 96% of the initial testosterone. The residual testosterone was effectively removed by processes in GWRP and after reclamation no testosterone was detected in water. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition at the sewage treatment inlet was 50% while it was only 27% after sewage treatment. After reclamation AChE inhibition was not detected. Only water at the sewage inlet in March and February showed cytotoxicity. High inflammatory activity was detected at the sewage plant inlet. Sewage treatment reduced inflammatory activity by 64%. After reclamation low inflammatory activity was induced. Treated sewage used for reclamation tested positive for most of the biomarkers and can pose a risk to human health. However, reclamation successfully removed these contaminants. Due to the presence of contaminants in the intake water at the reclamation plant, it is essential to routinely monitor the water produced by the reclamation plant for potential residues that can adversely affect human health.

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“…Effect-directed analysis (EDA) has been proposed to solve this problem by using combined chemical analysis and bioassay based on fractionation (Campbell et al 2006;Brack et al 2008;Simon et al 2013). The EDA method has been successfully applied to determine toxicants responsible for some specific effects (Creusot et al 2013;Macova et al 2011;Regueiro et al 2013;Rostkowski et al 2011;Schmitt et al 2012;Yue et al 2015). Bioanalytical tools such…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of estrogenic activity in the Pearl River by using effect-directed analysis

Chen

Zhao

Liu

et al. 2016

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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This study investigated estrogenic activity of water, sediment, and fish bile of the Pearl River in southern China by effect-directed analysis based on in vitro yeast screen assay and chemical analysis. Results showed higher estradiol equivalents (EEQ) for surface water in dry season than in wet season. Simple risk assessment suggested that high estrogenic risk would be expected in Shima River and Danshui River receiving discharge of effluents from cities in the region. Fractionation and effect-directed analysis showed that estrogenic activity mainly occurred in relatively polar fractions of surface water. Seven target estrogenic compounds (bisphenol A, 4-nonylphenol, 4-tert-octylphenol, 17α-ethynyl estradiol, estrone, diethylstilbestrol, and 17β-estradiol) only accounted for part of the measured estrogenic activity, with the rest contributions from other potential estrogenic chemicals such as phenols. Findings from this study suggest that fish in the river could be affected by those estrogenic chemicals. Proper measures should be taken to reduce the estrogenic activity in wastewaters before they are discharged into the riverine system in order to protect aquatic organisms.

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Bioanalytical tools for the evaluation of organic micropollutants during sewage treatment, water recycling and drinking water generation

Cited by 108 publications

References 23 publications

Chemicals in reverse osmosis-treated wastewater: occurrence, health risk, and contribution to residual dissolved organic carbon

Chemicals in reverse osmosis-treated wastewater: occurrence, health risk, and contribution to residual dissolved organic carbon

Oestrogen, testosterone, cytotoxin and cholinesterase inhibitor removal during reclamation of sewage to drinking water

Evaluation of estrogenic activity in the Pearl River by using effect-directed analysis

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