Bioassay-Directed Fractionation of the Organic Extract of SRM 1649 Urban Air Particulate Matter

Lewtas, Joellen; Chuang, Jane C.; Nishioka, Marcia; Petersen, B.A.

doi:10.1080/03067319008032068

Cited by 79 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The amount of DCM extractables is comparable to a value of 5.8% (n=2) obtained by DCM Soxhlet extraction. 16 The color of the DCM layer at a final ultrasonic extraction step should be faint to light yellow to result in a higher yield of solvent extractable organic components. If the DCM layer is light brown to deep yellow at the final extraction stage, an additional ultrasonic extraction step should be made.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Improved Fractionation Procedure for the Bioassay-Directed Chemical Analysis of Ambient Air Particulate Extracts

Zinbo

Schuetzle

Hsieh³

et al. 1992

ANAL. SCI.

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Methodologies have been developed for the efficient extraction and fractionation of organic components present in ambient air particulate matter. A protocol of ultrasonic solvent extraction, solvent exchange, and solid-phase extraction (SPE) results in five organic fractions which account for more than 95% of the mass of the dichloromethane (DCM) extractable organic components. These fractionated samples are amenable to subsequent bioassay studies and identification of potentially toxic compounds. A National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) ambient "Air Particles" sample (SRM 1649) was used to help validate this procedure. The unoxidized lubricating oil, polymeric components (M:w/ Mn=4700/ 1300) and hydrated inorganic salts were effectively separated from the polar organic compound fractions. The recovery of mutagenic activity for the fractionation procedure was 72 and 78% (with and without 59 activation enzymes) using a TA98 Salmonella typhimurium microsuspension bioassay. Further analysis shows that the chemical integrity of the extract is maintained using this fractionation procedure.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Improved Fractionation Procedure for the Bioassay-Directed Chemical Analysis of Ambient Air Particulate Extracts

Zinbo

Schuetzle

Hsieh³

et al. 1992

ANAL. SCI.

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“…Mutagrams of particle extracts using the Environmental Health Perspectives standard Ames plate incorporation assay also show profiles with more activity in the more polar fractions (17,18,90). From the measured concentrations of nitrofluoranthenes and nitropyrenes in several particulate samples and their mutagenic activities (in the standard assay), it was calculated that the nitrofluoranthenes and nitropyrenes contributed less than or equal to 10% of the direct-acting mutagenicity of these extracts (26,91).…”

Section: Contribution Of Pah Transformation Products To Ambient Direcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric Chemistry of Gas-Phase Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Formation of Atmospheric Mutagens

Atkinson¹,

Arey²

1994

Environmental Health Perspectives

129

150

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The atmospheric chemistry of the 2-to 4-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), which exist mainly in the gas phase in the atmosphere, is discussed. The dominant loss process for the gas-phase PAH is by reaction with the hydroxyl radical, resulting in calculated lifetimes in the atmosphere of generally less than one day. The hydroxyl (OH) radical-initiated reactions and nitrate (NO3) radical-initiated reactions often lead to the formation of mutagenic nitro-PAH and other nitropolycyclic aromatic compounds, including nitrodibenzopyranones. These atmospheric reactions have a significant effect on ambient mutagenic activity, indicating that health risk assessments of combustion emissions should include atmospheric transformation products. -Environ Health Perspect 102(Suppl 4): 117-126 (1994).

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“…Some nitro-PAHs have shown to be more mutagenic and carcinogenic than unsubstituted PAHs (Durant et al, 1996;Lewtas et al, 1990), and could be a significant fraction of direct-acting mutagenic compounds in the atmosphere (Kawanaka et al, 2008;Ozaki et al, 2010). Oxy-PAHs such as polycyclic aromatic quinones have been found to generate reactive oxygen species resulting in oxidative stress that can lead to allergic diseases (Chung et al, 2007;Sklorz et al, 2007), and polycyclic aromatic ketones, quinones and anhydrides are well known mutagenic compounds (Durant et al, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of PM2.5-bound nitrated and oxygenated PAHs in two industrial sites of South China

Wei

Huang

Liu

et al. 2012

Atmospheric Research

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Bioassay-Directed Fractionation of the Organic Extract of SRM 1649 Urban Air Particulate Matter

Cited by 79 publications

References 15 publications

An Improved Fractionation Procedure for the Bioassay-Directed Chemical Analysis of Ambient Air Particulate Extracts

An Improved Fractionation Procedure for the Bioassay-Directed Chemical Analysis of Ambient Air Particulate Extracts

Atmospheric Chemistry of Gas-Phase Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Formation of Atmospheric Mutagens

Characterization of PM2.5-bound nitrated and oxygenated PAHs in two industrial sites of South China

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