Bioassay of Aldrin and Lindane in Soil1

Sorption of organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides by soil

“…Edwards et al (1957) observed that the of lindane or aldrin to Drosophila melanogaster increased as the percent organic matter in the soil increased. Adsorption of the insecticides to the soil organic matter was assumed to have occurred since the insecticides could be extracted in a toxic form.…”

“…The diffusion, leaching, and volatilization of pesticides in soils is retarded as the extent of adsorption increases (Haque 1975). In addition, a pesticide's rate and degree of degradation (Yaron 1975) and bioactivity (Edwards et al 1957) are influenced by adsorption. Thus, whether an insecticide will contaminate ground water or a nearby stream, become an air pollutant by volatilization into the atmosphere, or control the target pest will depend upon sorption phenomena in the soil.…”

Metabolism of Parathion by Two Species of Rhizobium1

“…The conversion of aldrin to dieldrin in soils has been shown by Edwards et al (1957), Bollen et al (1958), and Lichtenstein and Schulz (1959a). Heptachlor is likewise converted in soil to its epoxide, heptachlor epoxide (Gannon andBigger 1958, Lichtenstein andFolivka 1959).…”

Peer Reviewed: Nonextractable Pesticide Residues in Soil

“…Differences have been reported among soils in both the rate and extent of sequestration (10,30,32,33). Hatzinger and Alexander used four soils with different organic matter contents to show that more phenanthrene was sequestered in an organic soil than in a mineral soil (8).…”

“…The primary objective for performing these analyses is presumably to provide information on the exposure of living organisms. As early as 1957, Edwards et al reported that the aging of chemicals in soils results in the loss of toxicity (33). Yet the types of chemical analyses required for making regulatory decisions usually fail to show a correlation between extractability and a diminution in bioavailability.…”