Bioavailability and Concentration of Heavy Metals in the Sediments and Leaves of Grey Mangrove, Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh, in Sirik Azini Creek, Iran

Abstract

The concentration and bioavailability of Ni, Cu, Cd, Zn, and Pb in the sediments and leaves of grey mangrove, Avicennia marina, were studied throughout Sirik Azini creek (Iran) with a view to determine heavy metals bioavailability, and two methods were used. Results show that Zn and Ni had the highest concentrations in the sediments, while Cd and Cu were found to have the lowest concentrations in the sediments. Compared to the mean concentrations of heavy metals in sedimentary rock (shales), Zn and Cu showed lower concentration, possibly indicating that the origin of these heavy metals is natural. A geo-accumulation index (Igeo) was used to determine the degree of contamination in the sediments. Igeo values for Zn, Cu, Pb, and Ni showed that there is no pollution from these metals in the study area. As heavy metal concentrations in leaves were higher than the bioavailable fraction of metals in sediments, it follows that bioconcentration factors (leaf/bioavailable sediment) for some metals were higher than 1.

The Distribution of Lead Accumulation (Soil, Water and Mangrove Vegetation) to Conserve Segara Anakan Lagoon

“…The accumulation of Pb in mangrove vegetation show that mangrove has capacity to retain heavy metals (Machado et al, 2002;Alongi et al, 2004), has highly depend on the chemical (Guangqiu et al, 2007), biological and/or physical processes, and the entire soilplant-water system in mangrove ecosystem (Munawar dan Rina, 2004). Based on data of this accumulation showed mangrove vegetation had good tolerance of Pb contaminant similar with Parvaresh et al, (2011) reported the potency of Pb in the sediments and leaves of grey mangrove (A.marina), and high tolerance of mangrove vegetation in pollution area (Marchand et al, 2006).…”

“…SAL ecosystem is dominated by fine texture (clay) which has the best ability to increase heavy metals absorption. This condition shows that E-SAL has Pb contaminant higher than other ecosystems, because fine texture in SAL will easily absorb Pb than coarse texture (Parvaresh et al, 2011;Marchand et al, 2006).…”

Assessing Heavy Metals Accumulation in the Leaves and Sediments of Urban Mangroves (Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh.) in Bahrain

“…The leaves contents of Cr and Ni of this study were lower than those found in [20,21] and higher in Cu, Fe, Zn, and Mn compared to values reported in [37,38]. Regionally, the following order was reported for mangrove leaves contents: Fe > Mn > Ni > Cr > Zn > Cu [22].…”

Correlation Analysis Between Seawater Intrusion and Mangrove Greenbelt

“…However, the important functions of mangrove ecosystem are the preservation of habitat for spawning, representing nursery and feeding grounds for several aquatic organisms (Nagelkerken et al, 2008;Kusmana, 2005;Hutchings & Saenger, 1987;, reducing and retaining heavy metal pollution (Machado, Moscatelli & Rezende, 2002;Hilmi et al, 2014), reducing abrasion (Cai, Su, Liu, Li, & Lei, 2009;Hilmi 2014), reducing of tidal wave effect (Mazda, Kanazawa & Wolanski, 1995;Massel, Furukawa & Brinkman, 1999), and buffering of coastal stabilities (Mazda et al, 1995). To support this function, the mangrove ecosystem has the specific vegetations that are growing to interface between terrestrial and ocean ecosystem (Kusmana, 2005;Kathiresan & Bingham, 2001;Parvaresh et al, 2011;Hilmi, Syakti & Siregar, 2014). But, an important function of the mangrove in Jakarta is the function to reduce seawater intrusion.…”