Bioavailability and Toxicity of Plastic Contaminants to Soil and Soil Bacteria

Atuanya, E. I.; Udochukwu, U.; Dave-Omoregie, A. O.

doi:10.9734/bmrj/2016/25128

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…MPs occur in soil in different forms; their bioavailability to plants and soil organisms increases with size and depends on soil characteristics such as particle size and density, abundance/co-occurrence, chemical characteristics, etc. [60,61]. The present study planned to measure the effects of different sizes and concentrations of Ps-MPs on root length and plant root tip cell chromosomes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyto–Genotoxic Effect Causing Potential of Polystyrene Micro-Plastics in Terrestrial Plants

Kaur

Lin

2022

Nanomaterials

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The polystyrene micro-plastics (Ps-MPs) is one of the leading pollutants found in both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. While most of the studies on the morphology and cyto-toxicity of MPs have been based on aquatic organisms, their effects on terrestrial plants are still scarcely known. The present study was an attempt to measure the effect of different sizes (80, 100, 200, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, and 8000 nm) and concentrations (100 and 400 mg/L) of Ps-MPs on the root length and chromosomes of root tip cells of Allium cepa using A. cepa root chromosomal aberration assay. Large size Ps-MPs (4000 and 8000 nm) showed the highest reduction in A. cepa root length; however, the differences were not significant (at p ≤ 0.05), with respect to negative control (Milli-Q water). The mitotic index showed both significant size- and concentration-dependent decreases, being the lowest (12.06%) in 100 nm at 100 mg/L concentration, with respect to the control (25.05%). The chromosomal abnormality index (CAI) and nuclear abnormality index (NAI) showed significant decreases, with respect to negative control. In addition, the induction of micro-nucleated cells was also observed in Allium root tip cells, when treated with MPs of all sizes, which can predict direct DNA damage to the plant cells. Hence, we conclude that most of the MP sizes caused cyto-toxic and nuclear damage by adversely impacting the spindle formation and induction of micro-nucleated cells in Allium cepa root tip cells. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that showed the effect of considerable size range of Ps-MP sizes on the root length and cell division in plants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyto–Genotoxic Effect Causing Potential of Polystyrene Micro-Plastics in Terrestrial Plants

Kaur

Lin

2022

Nanomaterials

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“…MPs and NPs present in soil in different forms and [109] their bioavailability depends on soil properties such as particle size, particle density, abundance/co-occurrence, chemical characteristics, and the specific characteristics of the receptor (plant or organism) [110,111]. The bioavailability of MPs increases with its size, and a wide range of organisms directly ingest it [112].…”

Section: Bioavailabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Uptake and Accumulation of Nano/Microplastics in Plants: A Critical Review

et al. 2021

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The ubiquitous presence of microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) in the environment is an undeniable and serious concern due to their higher persistence and extensive use in agricultural production. This review highlights the sources and fate of MPs and NPs in soil and their uptake, translocation, and physiological effects in the plant system. We provide the current snapshot of the latest reported studies with the majority of literature spanning the last five years. We draw attention to the potential risk of MPs and NPs in modern agriculture and their effects on plant growth and development. We also highlight their uptake and transport pathways in roots and leaves via different exposure methods in plants. Conclusively, agricultural practices, climate changes (wet weather and heavy rainfall), and soil organisms play a major role in transporting MPs and NPs in soil. NPs are more prone to enter plant cell walls as compared to MPs. Furthermore, transpiration pull is the dominant factor in the plant uptake and translocation of plastic particles. MPs have negligible negative effects on plant physiological and biochemical indicators. Overall, there is a dire need to establish long-term studies for a better understanding of their fate and associated risks mechanisms in realistic environment scenarios for safe agricultural functions.

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“…This growth advantage can lead to the decline of other taxa, a phenomenon named "competitive exclusion" (Hibbing et al, 2010). Secondly, plastic addition can change the microenvironment of the soils by releasing potentially harmful compounds (Atuanya et al, 2016), changing the pH, or creating a barrier for water, oxygen, and nutrients (Bandopadhyay et al, 2018).…”

Section: Plastics Decrease Diversity and Alter Microbial Community Stmentioning

confidence: 99%

The “Plastisphere” of Biodegradable Plastics Is Characterized by Specific Microbial Taxa of Alpine and Arctic Soils

Rüthi

Bölsterli

Pardi-Comensoli

et al. 2020

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Plastic pollution poses a threat to terrestrial ecosystems, even impacting soils from remote alpine and arctic areas. Biodegradable plastics are a promising solution to prevent long-term accumulation of plastic litter. However, little is known about the decomposition of biodegradable plastics in soils from alpine and polar ecosystems or the microorganisms involved in the process. Plastics in aquatic environments have previously been shown to form a microbial community on the surface of the plastic distinct from that in the surrounding water, constituting the so-called "plastisphere." Comparable studies in terrestrial environments are scarce. Here, we aimed to characterize the plastisphere microbiome of three types of plastics differing in their biodegradability in soil using DNA metabarcoding. Polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), and polyethylene (PE) were buried in two different soils, from the Swiss Alps and from Northern Greenland, at 15 • C for 8 weeks. While physico-chemical characteristics of the polymers only showed minor (PLA, PBAT) or no (PE) changes after incubation, a considerably lower α-diversity was observed on the plastic surfaces and prominent shifts occurred in the bacterial and fungal community structures between the plastisphere and the adjacent bulk soil not affected by the plastic. Effects on the plastisphere microbiome increased with greater biodegradability of the plastics, from PE to PLA. Copiotrophic taxa within the phyla Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria benefitted the most from plastic input. Especially taxa with a known potential to degrade xenobiotics, including Burkholderiales, Caulobacterales, Pseudomonas, Rhodococcus, and Streptomyces, thrived in the plastisphere of the Alpine and Arctic soils. In addition, Saccharimonadales (superphylum Patescibacteria) was identified as a key taxon associated with PLA. The association of Saccharibacteria with plastic has not been reported before, and pursuing this finding further may shed light on the lifestyle of this obscure candidate phylum. Plastic addition affected fungal taxa to a lesser extent since only few fungal genera such as Phlebia and Alternaria

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Bioavailability and Toxicity of Plastic Contaminants to Soil and Soil Bacteria

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Cyto–Genotoxic Effect Causing Potential of Polystyrene Micro-Plastics in Terrestrial Plants

Cyto–Genotoxic Effect Causing Potential of Polystyrene Micro-Plastics in Terrestrial Plants

Uptake and Accumulation of Nano/Microplastics in Plants: A Critical Review

The “Plastisphere” of Biodegradable Plastics Is Characterized by Specific Microbial Taxa of Alpine and Arctic Soils

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