Bioavailability of Griseofulvin from Tablets in Beagle Dogs and Correlation with Dissolution Rate and Bioavailability in Humans

Factors Influencing the Gastric Residence of Dosage Forms in Dogs

“…The dissimilarity between human and canine crushing force can be particularly important when attempting to use the dog as an animal model during the development of gastro‐retentive devices for use in human patients,53 or when trying to develop colon‐targeted delivery systems that must remain relatively intact to preserve their controlled‐release action. Human–canine differences in oral bioavailability have been at least in part attributed to this difference in crushing force for a several products including cyclandelate capsules,54 indomethacin capsules,55 and griseofulvin tablets 56. When extended‐release theophylline formulations intended for human use were administered to dogs (Theochron tablets and TheoCap capsules, Inwood Laboratories, Inwood, NY), there was little evidence of an extended‐release profile 57.…”

Gastric Emptying of Tablets and Granules in Humans, Dogs, Pigs, and Stomach-Emptying-Controlled Rabbits

“…Dogs are extensively used as an animal model, but the in vivo data for oral dosage forms in dogs are often not comparable with those in humans. [1][2][3][4] Satisfactory results have also not been obtained in minipigs5 and stomach-emptying-controlled rabbits6 with griseofulvin tablets. The discrepancies in bioavailabilities between humans and animals are basically caused by differences in gastrointestinal physiology.…”

Preparation and evaluation of micro-porous ethylcellulose capsule as oral sustained-release preparation of theophylline

“…Beagle dogs were used in this study in order to evaluate the micro-porous EC capsule as an oral sustained-release preparation. However, there are many differences in the physiological condition of the gastrointestinal tract between beagle dogs and humans [17,18]. The gastrointestinal transit time (GITT) of particles were reported to be 2.8 h in beagle dogs and 4.5 h in human volunteers [17][18][19].…”

“…Furthermore, the length of the gastrointestinal tract of beagle dogs is shorter than that of humans. Therefore, particles were reported to be delivered to the colon within 3 h in beagle dogs [18]. To overcome these problems, dogs whose gastrointestinal transit was adjusted by atropine are used to simulate the human [20].…”