Biobased Ionic Liquids with Abietate Anion

Abstract

The present study is focused on the utilization of naturally occurring abietic acid in the synthesis of high added-value compounds with attractive characteristics. The synthesis of ILs derived from abietic acid was conducted using ion-exchange or neutralization methods, and the products were obtained with high yields exceeding 85%. The study confirmed strong influence of the chemical structure on the physicochemical properties of the obtained compounds, such as solubility, thermal stability, and phase transitions. The results also revealed excellent deterrent properties of ILs with abietate anions toward S. granarius, T. conf usum, and T. granarium, reaching or exceeding the values calculated for azadirachtin. The best results were achieved for cations containing long alkyl substituentstetraalkylammonium and 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium cations. Additionally, the obtained compounds exhibited antioxidant properties in the DPPH radical scavenging assay. The highest activity was observed for tetraalkylammonium cations. The obtained results allow for a conclusion that abietate ionic liquids with both antifeedant and antioxidant activity can be successfully implemented into storage crop protection.

Third-generation ionic liquids with N-alkylated 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane cations and pelargonate anions

“…24 The methodology used and described above has been successfully used in previous studies regarding ionic liquids. [39][40][41] 33 Potassium hydroxide (0.05 mol) was then added to the precursor solution, which was previously dissolved in 50 mL of anhydrous methanol. The reaction proceeded at ambient temperature with continuous stirring for 1 h. The by-product (potassium bromide) was separated from the solution by ltration on a funnel equipped with a uted lter.…”

Dicationic ionic liquids as new feeding deterrents

“…The most favorable direction for the development of the third generation of ionic liquids, which are compounds exhibiting biological activity, applies to the synthesis of salts from natural and low-toxicity materials. Antifeedants in the form of ionic liquids may contain natural anions, e.g., lactate (Cybulski et al 2008 ), theophyllinate (Markiewicz et al 2014 ), fatty acids (Pernak et al 2015 ) or abietate (Klejdysz et al 2016 ). In addition, compounds based on artificial sweeteners also show good deterrent activity (Pernak et al 2012 ).…”

Bio-ionic Liquids as Adjuvants for Sulfonylurea Herbicides

“…Recently, a new solution of ILs called double salt herbicidal ionic liquids was released (Choudhary et al 2017). ILs can be synthesized from natural products (Klejdysz et al 2016;Pernak et al 2015a), leading to environmentally friendly, readily biodegradable products with high biological activity. Choline soaps have been described as ecofriendly compounds with high surface activity (Klein et al 2008(Klein et al , 2013Kunz et al 2011).…”