Biocatalytic Conversion Efficiency of Steapsin Lipase Immobilized on Hierarchically Porous Biomorphic Aerogel Supports

Abstract

Hierarchically porous alumino-siloxane aerogels (ALS-PG) with a rare structural architecture were developed through a biotemplating method using pollen grains of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis. The unique structure of the Hibiscus rosa-sinensis pollen makes it an attractive biotemplate, by replicating all levels of macro-and mesoscale morphological features. The micromorphological analysis exposed funnelshaped macrochannels between the mesoporous aerogel framework that are difficult to design artificially. The N 2 sorption analyses confirmed hierarchical trimodal pore size distribution with an average mesopores diameter (ca. 3.9, 8.7, 26.6 nm), high BET/Langmuir surface area (497/664 m 2 g −1 ) and large pore volume (1.6788 cm 3 g −1 ) than the corresponding nontemplated aerogels and xerogels counterpart. Beneficial properties of this sophisticated hierarchical porous structure was examined and confirmed by the immobilization of steapsin lipase. Hierarchically porous ALS-PG showed enhanced loading and immobilization efficiency (32.3 mg g −1 and 74.21%) when compared to non templated ALS-WO-PG (11.2 mg g −1 and 41.40%). It was further improved with the methyl

Thermally Insulating and Flame-Retardant Polyaniline/Pectin Aerogels

“…Aerogels, characterized with low densities, high surface areas, and low thermal conductivities, are novel highly porous materials, which can be used in the fields of thermal insulation, Cherenkov detectors, batteries, supercapacitors, and catalyst supports. − Various aerogels, such as silica, polymer, graphene, and carbon composites, have been fabricated via sol–gel processing and subsequent freeze-drying or supercritical drying. Among them, inorganic aerogels exhibit poor mechanical properties, − while organic polymer aerogels, such as resorcinol–formaldehyde, are sometimes derived from expensive and toxic materials. − Therefore, biopolymer-based aerogels from inexpensive biomaterials have attracted intense attention in recent years. ,− …”

Preparation of Efficient, Stable, and Reusable Laccase–Cu3(PO4)2 Hybrid Microspheres Based on Copper Foil for Decoloration of Congo Red

“…The XRD pattern displayed peaks at 2θ = 8.2°, 12.9°, 20.2°, 22.5°, 29.1°, 31.5°, 36.9°, and 40.5°, which could be indexed to the pattern of copper phosphate hydroxide hydrate (Cu 8 (PO 3 OH) 2 (PO 4 ) 4 ·7H 2 O, JCPDS no. 35-0448), except for the copper foil substrate peaks (marked with triangles in Figure A). , In addition, elemental analysis of the material surface layer was obtained by EDS. Figure B shows that the CPN contained O, Cu, and P. Moreover, the corresponding EDS results also determined that the standard Cu:P atom counting rate was approximately 4:3, which is consistent with the atom rate in Cu 8 (PO 3 OH) 2 (PO 4 ) 4 ·7H 2 O.…”

“…Moreover, when as-obtained hybrid materials are nanosized, they often face the problem of serious agglomeration caused by high surface energy. In addition, a lot of effort has been put into the creation of monolithic carriers, which have merits such as ease of separation, rapid termination of reactions, mechanical stability, and adaptability to various practical applications for batch and continuous operations . Therefore, in order to overcome above two limitations of suspension powder samples, copper foil has been widely investigated as a carrier material because of its abundant, environmentally friendly, and inexpensive characteristics. − Moreover, copper foil can be recycled just by simple washing and drying.…”

Bio-Templating: An Emerging Synthetic Technique for Catalysts. A Review

“…Linsha et al [170] used biotemplating to develop hierarchically porous aluminosiloxane gels to immobilize the steapsin lipase enzyme for catalytic application. This enzyme is a digestive protein in the pancreatic juice that is responsible for many chemical reactions.…”