Bioceramic-collagen scaffolds loaded with human adipose-tissue derived stem cells for bone tissue engineering

Abstract

The combination of bioceramics and stem cells has attracted the interest of research community for bone tissue engineering applications. In the present study, a combination of Bio-Oss(®) and type 1 collagen gel as scaffold were loaded with human adipose-tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells (AT-MSCs) after isolation and characterization, and the capacity of them for bone regeneration was investigated in rat critical size defects using digital mammography, multi-slice spiral computed tomography imaging and histological analysis. 8 weeks after implantation, no mortality or sign of inflammation was observed in the site of defect. According to the results of imaging analysis, a higher level of bone regeneration was observed in the rats receiving Bio-Oss(®)-Gel compared to untreated group. In addition, MSC-seeded Bio-Oss-Gel induced the highest bone reconstruction among all groups. Histological staining confirmed these findings and impressive osseointegration was observed in MSC-seeded Bio-Oss-Gel compared with Bio-Oss-Gel. On the whole, it was demonstrated that combination of AT-MSCs, Bio-Oss and Gel synergistically enhanced bone regeneration and reconstruction and also could serve as an appropriate structure to bone regenerative medicine and tissue engineering application.

Adipose Derived Stem Cells Conditioned Media in Combination with Bioceramic-Collagen Scaffolds Improved Calvarial Bone Healing in Hypothyroid Rats

“…Bio-Oss is a deproteinized bovine bone mineral used to treat bone defects, dental implant therapy and healing for alveolar process defects. We also showed, in two previous studies, that Bio-Oss could significantly increase osteogenic differentiation potential of MSCs in vitro and bone regeneration in vivo (23,46). BioOss has a highly porous structure (75% -80 % of the total volume) that increases surface area of the scaffold (47).…”

“…Treatment of calvarial defects with ADMSC transplantation has been demonstrated in the literature (20)(21)(22). Daei-farshbaf et al reported that ADMSC seeded on a bioceramic scaffold promoted calvarial bone healing in hypothyroid rats (23). However, the use of stem cells in tissue engineering for bone regeneration had some problems such as expensive cell culture, complicated cell handling and invasive procedure for cell collection from patients (24).…”

Strategies to engineer tendon/ligament-to-bone interface: Biomaterials, cells and growth factors

“…Commonly used biomaterials for bone include calcium phosphate ceramics (in particular hydroxyhapatite (HA) [28][29][30] and β-tricalciumphosphate (β-TCP) [28,[31][32][33]), bioactive glasses (mainly silicate-based 45S5 Bioglass ® [34,35]), natural polymers (such as alginate [36], silk [10,29,37] and collagen [38][39][40][41][42]) and synthetic polymers (particularly poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) [31,32,[43][44][45], poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) [33], polyglycolic acid (PGA) [45] and polylactid-co-glycolid acid (PLGA) [46,47]) (table 2).…”

The role of the microenvironment on the fate of adult stem cells

“…Natural and synthetic biomaterials provide three-dimensional differentiation niches to guide the differentiation of SCs towards specific lineages. Bioceramic-collagen scaffolds loaded with human adipose-tissue derived SCs enhanced bone regeneration and reconstruction and also served as appropriate structures in bone regenerative medicine [87]. Furthermore, the combination of biochemical and biophysical stimulatory signals in a three-dimensional setting could potentially enhance the development of mature osteoblasts [88].…”