Biochar from the mixture of poultry litter and charcoal fines as soil conditioner: Optimization of preparation conditions via response surface methodology

Ronix, Amanda; Cazetta, André L.; Ximenez, Gabriel Rezende; Spessato, Lucas; Silva, Marcela C.; Fonseca, Jhessica M.; Yokoyama, Jéssica T.C.; Lopes, Greice K.P.; Zanella, Heloisa G.; Almeida, Vitor C.

doi:10.1016/j.biteb.2021.100800

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The biochar yield dropped to 61.8% as the reaction temperature increased from 232 to 568 °C at 150 min residence time and 3.5 scfh N₂ flow rate. Similarly, it has been reported that lignocellulose biomass derived from fallen leaves, deadwood, 41 palm kernel shell, empty fruit bunch, 42 spent coffee grounds, 21 poultry litter, Pinus radiata , 43 and charcoal fines 44 showed decreased biochar yield with increasing temperature.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 68%

Elaeis guineensisleaves for potential renewable sub‐bituminous coal: Optimization of biochar yield by response surface methodology and product characterization

Nik Pauzi,

Ramli,

Chan

et al. 2023

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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Pyrolysis of oil palm biomass residue can convert the rich organic matter in biomass into sustainable green energy, thereby addressing the challenge of surplus oil palm biomass residue generated during cultivation. Nonetheless, the pyrolysis of oil palm leaves (OPLs) has received limited attention. In this study, design of experiment‐response surface methodology (DoE‐RSM) was employed to identify the optimal combination of reaction temperature, residence duration, and nitrogen (N₂) flow rate for maximum biochar yield. The elemental analysis, high heating value (HHV), functional group, morphology, pore structure, and thermal behavior were assessed. By varying the operational parameters using response surface methodology, the biochar yield increased by 32.6–85.3%. The DoE‐RSM predicted a theoretical yield of 52.1% at 344 °C, 146 min, and 3.2 scfh N₂ flow rate. The experiment confirmed a comparable yield of 53.7% at the stated parameters. The HHV of 24.14 MJ kg−1 was recorded under optimal conditions, and was comparable to sub‐bituminous and bituminous coal. Fourier transform infrared analysis validated the OPL biochar by weakening O‐H, C=O, C‐OH, and C‐H peaks. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed enlarged pores and altered morphology in the OPL biochar. X‐ray diffraction showed lower crystallinity of the OPL biochar than the feedstock. Raman spectroscopy showed higher ID/IG, indicating a more disordered carbon structure in the OPL biochar. Thermogravimetric analysis confirmed higher temperature for main devolatilization of OPL biochar, and the differential thermogravimetric analysis curve pattern resembled that of Mukah Balingan coal. The findings are helpful for an initiative to convert a large amount of leftover OPLs produced during cultivation and to turn them into high value‐added material for a sustainable contribution to a circular carbon economy.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 68%

Elaeis guineensisleaves for potential renewable sub‐bituminous coal: Optimization of biochar yield by response surface methodology and product characterization

Nik Pauzi,

Ramli,

Chan

et al. 2023

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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“…The addition of 5% biochar increased organic matter content and improved soil structure. Biochar had a positive effect on cabbage growth [ 48 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Poultry Manure-Derived Biochar and Compost on Soil Properties and Plant Biomass Growth

Dróżdż,

Malińska,

Wystalska

et al. 2023

Materials

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Promising methods for managing poultry manure (PM) include converting poultry manure through pyrolysis to biochar, which can be used for soil applications. The overall goal of this study was to determine the effects of poultry manure-derived biochar and compost on the soil and growth of cherry tomatoes. The biochar obtained at 475 °C was characterized by a relatively high organic matter content of 39.47% and nitrogen content of 3.73%, while it had the lowest C/N ratio of 8.18. According to the recommendations of the EBC, the biochar obtained at 475 °C demonstrated the most beneficial effects in terms of fertilizing potential. The composting of poultry manure with the straw was successful, and the limit of 60 °C was exceeded, which allowed for the hygienization of the compost. The produced compost and biochar are sanitary safe and do not exceed the limits of heavy metal content. The lowest plant biomass was obtained from growing medium A with 3.6 g wet weight (0.24 g dry weight). The measurements of the height of cherry tomatoes showed that growing media D, E, and F allowed the plants to obtain from 602 to 654 mm in height.

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“…Furthermore, the rectangular kiln system reveals a significant peculiarity, with the highest percentage of energy contained in the byproducts (35.09%), followed by the fornalha kiln (29.01%) and the encosta kiln (25.68%). These byproducts play a pivotal role in the charcoal production chain [34,35], being responsible for substantial raw material losses, often exceeding 25% of the initial wood weight [36]. This is a practical aspect that requires careful consideration.…”

Section: Energy Performance Of Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Performance of Different Charcoal Production Systems

Bernardes,

Romanelli,

Pereira

et al. 2023

Energies

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This study aimed to assess the energy performance of three different charcoal production systems: “encosta” kiln, “rectangular” kiln, and “fornalha” kiln. Data collection involved measuring carbonization product yields and essential process variables, enabling determination of material and energy flows, and evaluation of two main energy indicators: the EROI and the energy balance. The study found that all evaluated systems had a negative energy balance, indicating inefficiency. The encosta kiln system displayed the best energy performance with the highest EROI (0.90 ± 0.45) and the greatest energy intensity (264.50 MJ t−1 ± 132.25), despite having faced technological, operational, and mechanization limitations that explained its limited use on a global scale. Research that evaluates the sustainable production of charcoal has grown in recent years, however, and it is necessary to invest in studies that evaluate the existing energy flow. Thus, the energy performance indicators presented in this study offer valuable insights for decision-making in charcoal production, potentially maximizing efficiency of the systems. Optimizing carbonization system energy performance can be achieved by implementing operational parameters focused on reducing avoidable energy losses, such as improving thermal insulation and introducing systems for heat recovery or combustion gas utilization.

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Biochar from the mixture of poultry litter and charcoal fines as soil conditioner: Optimization of preparation conditions via response surface methodology

Cited by 8 publications

References 37 publications

Elaeis guineensisleaves for potential renewable sub‐bituminous coal: Optimization of biochar yield by response surface methodology and product characterization

Elaeis guineensisleaves for potential renewable sub‐bituminous coal: Optimization of biochar yield by response surface methodology and product characterization

The Influence of Poultry Manure-Derived Biochar and Compost on Soil Properties and Plant Biomass Growth

Energy Performance of Different Charcoal Production Systems

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