Biochar produced from mineral salt-impregnated chicken manure: Fertility properties and potential for carbon sequestration

Xiao, Ran; Wang, Jim J.; Gaston, Lewis A.; Zhou, Baoyue; Park, Jong‐Hwan; Li, Ronghua; Dodla, Syam K.; Zhang, Zengqiang

doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2018.06.047

Cited by 74 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…4. The existence of metal elements in feedstock can influence the conversion of N-containing compounds and, thus, the amount and forms of N species in final biochar products (Xiao et al 2018). Table 4 pH and nutrient contents of biochar produced at different pyrolysis temperature Table 4 shows that the N content of biochar can be of a wide range (0.24-6.8%).…”

Section: Nitrogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochar and its importance on nutrient dynamics in soil and plant

Hossain

Bahar

Sarkar

et al. 2020

Biochar

433

125

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Biochar, an environmentally friendly soil conditioner, is produced using several thermochemical processes. It has unique characteristics like high surface area, porosity, and surface charges. This paper reviews the fertilizer value of biochar, and its effects on soil properties, and nutrient use efficiency of crops. Biochar serves as an important source of plant nutrients, especially nitrogen in biochar produced from manures and wastes at low temperature (≤ 400 °C). The phosphorus, potassium, and other nutrient contents are higher in manure/waste biochars than those in crop residues and woody biochars. The nutrient contents and pH of biochar are positively correlated with pyrolysis temperature, except for nitrogen content. Biochar improves the nutrient retention capacity of soil, which depends on porosity and surface charge of biochar. Biochar increases nitrogen retention in soil by reducing leaching and gaseous loss, and also increases phosphorus availability by decreasing the leaching process in soil. However, for potassium and other nutrients, biochar shows inconsistent (positive and negative) impacts on soil. After addition of biochar, porosity, aggregate stability, and amount of water held in soil increase and bulk density decreases. Mostly, biochar increases soil pH and, thus, influences nutrient availability for plants. Biochar also alters soil biological properties by increasing microbial populations, enzyme activity, soil respiration, and microbial biomass. Finally, nutrient use efficiency and nutrient uptake improve with the application of biochar to soil. Thus, biochar can be a potential nutrient reservoir for plants and a good amendment to improve soil properties.

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Section: Nitrogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochar and its importance on nutrient dynamics in soil and plant

Hossain

Bahar

Sarkar

et al. 2020

Biochar

433

125

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“…Carbon sequestration potential of chicken manure-derived biochars impregnated with mineral salts (CaCl 2 , MgCl 2 , and FeCl 3 ) prior to pyrolysis affected biochar nutrient composition and dynamics and increased C sequestration potential [181]. e bioavailability of enriched Cu and Zn in the biochars significantly reduced, and the biochar treated with Fe mineral salt samples had the least C loss during pyrolysis and chemical oxidation and the greatest chemical and biological stability compared to pristine biochars [181]. Soils having high minerals favor long-term stability of biochar.…”

Section: Ghgs Emissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Evaluation of Pyrolyzed Biochar from Multiple Wastes

Ndirangu

Liu

et al. 2019

Journal of Chemistry

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This paper aims at demonstrating the significance of biochar risk evaluation and reviewing risk evaluation from the aspects of pyrolysis process, feedstock, and sources of hazards in biochar and their potential effects and the methods used in risk evaluation. Feedstock properties and the resultant biochar produced at different pyrolysis process influence their chemical, physical, and structural properties, which are vital in understanding the functionality of biochar. Biochar use has been linked to some risks in soil application such as biochar being toxic, facilitating GHGs emission, suppression of the effectiveness of pesticides, and effects on soil microbes. These potential risks originate from feedstock, contaminated feedstock, and pyrolysis conditions that favor the creation of characteristics and functional groups of this nature. These toxic compounds formed pose a threat to human health through the food chain. Determination of toxicity levels is a first step in the risk management of toxic biochar. Various sorption methods of biochar utilized low-cost adsorbents, engineered surface functional groups, and nZVI modified biochars. The mechanisms of organic compound removal was through sorption, enhanced sorption, modified biochar, postpyrolysis thermal air oxidation and that of PFRs degradation was through activation, photoactive functional groups, magnetization, and hydrothermal synthesis. Emissions of GHGs in soils amended with biochar emanated through physical and biotic mediated mechanisms. BCNs have a significance in reducing the health quotient indices for PTEs risk contamination by suppressing cancer risk arising from consumption of contaminated food. The degree of environmental risk assessment of HM pollution in biomass and biochars has been determined by using potential ecological risk index and RAC while organic contaminant degradation by EPFRs was considered when assessing the environmental roles of biochar in regulating the fate of contaminants removal. The magnitude of technologies’ net benefit must be considered in relation to the associated risks.

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“…Thus, more than aromaticity, these factors make 650M s most recalcitrant as a carbon sink in soil. The water extractable organic carbon from 650M s will also be lowest among the biochar from blends [115]. 650M p has the lowest TOR i despite signals of good aromaticity in its IR spectra.…”

Section: Thermal Oxidative Recalcitrancementioning

confidence: 98%

“…650M s has more silica inherited from M s (sec 3.1), which increases the recalcitrance through Si encapsulation of carbon [113]. In addition, the higher Fe content in 650M s (sec 3.2.2) also promotes graphitization [114] and higher recalcitrance [115]. Thus, more than aromaticity, these factors make 650M s most recalcitrant as a carbon sink in soil.…”

Section: Thermal Oxidative Recalcitrancementioning

confidence: 99%

Biochar from co-pyrolysis of urban organic wastes—investigation of carbon sink potential using ATR-FTIR and TGA

Nair

Mondal

Weichgrebe

2020

Biomass Conv. Bioref.

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Urban organic wastes (UOW) strain the infrastructures for solid waste treatment (SWT) in emerging economies. This study investigated biochar gained from three major UOW sources in India—banana peduncles (BP), a fibrous waste, from fruit markets; sewage sludge (SS) from wastewater treatment plants; and anaerobic digestate (AD) from food and market waste processing facilities—in terms of its potential to sequester and become long-term carbon sink in soils. Herein, the chemical properties (using ATR-FTIR) and thermal oxidative stability (using TGA) of biochars derived from these UOW and their three blends were examined. Biochar from SS and AD and the blends were found to possess more ash content, Cl, and alkali and alkaline earth metals (AAEM) than that from BP. The conventional recalcitrance index (R50) could not quantify and compare the stability of these mineral- and ash-rich biochars. Hence, a modified thermal oxidative recalcitrance index (TORi) is proposed. All the biochar from blends prepared at highest treatment temperature of 650 °C shows similar aromaticity. However, biochar from blend of 50% SS, 30%BP, and 20% AD exhibits the highest recalcitrance (TORi = 0.193) to become a long-term carbon sink in soil. More than aromaticity, the influence of Si, Fe, and AAEM on the biochar matrix affects its recalcitrance. Variations in the structural properties and recalcitrance of biochars from blends are attributable to the synergy among their constituents SS, AD, and BP. The determined TORi confirms the potential of biochar from the blends of UOW as a long-term carbon sink.

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Biochar produced from mineral salt-impregnated chicken manure: Fertility properties and potential for carbon sequestration

Cited by 74 publications

References 50 publications

Biochar and its importance on nutrient dynamics in soil and plant

Biochar and its importance on nutrient dynamics in soil and plant

Risk Evaluation of Pyrolyzed Biochar from Multiple Wastes

Biochar from co-pyrolysis of urban organic wastes—investigation of carbon sink potential using ATR-FTIR and TGA

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