Biochar-supported nanomaterials for environmental applications

Rodríguez-Narváez, Oscar M.; Peralta‐Hernández, Juan M.; Goonetilleke, Ashantha; Bandala, Erick R.

doi:10.1016/j.jiec.2019.06.008

Cited by 102 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 152 publications

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“…The hierarchical and recalcitrant nature of biomasses (due to the intricate structure where cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin are rigidly associated through non-covalent bonds and covalent cross-linkages) prevent any easy disruption, thereby causing undesirable energy expenditure when biomass thermal degradation is used for energy production (e.g., gasification). The advantages of biomass pretreatments are also related to the formation of solid by-products with specific properties enabling their use in wastewater treatments, air cleaning, soil remediation, and catalytic purposes to facilitate energy production [8,76,[79][80][81][82][83]. In particular, washing biomass prior to pyrolysis with either acidic or basic solutions may remove up to 70% of the initial minerals contained in the feedstock [79,84,85].…”

Section: The Biomass Pretreatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The latter is successfully applied as a catalyst in cellulose dissolution for biofuel production [88,89]. Biochar characteristics can be modified also by treating biomasses with metals, e.g., Mg, Fe, Ca, and Al (usually as nitrogen-containing or chloride salts or by electrodeposition) prior to the thermal degradation [80]. The role of the metals is to enhance biochar adsorption properties, thereby making it a good material for environmental remediation [80].…”

Section: The Biomass Pretreatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Developments in Understanding Biochar’s Physical–Chemistry

et al. 2021

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Biochar is a porous material obtained by biomass thermal degradation in oxygen-starved conditions. It is nowadays applied in many fields. For instance, it is used to synthesize new materials for environmental remediation, catalysis, animal feeding, adsorbent for smells, etc. In the last decades, biochar has been applied also to soils due to its beneficial effects on soil structure, pH, soil organic carbon content, and stability, and, therefore, soil fertility. In addition, this carbonaceous material shows high chemical stability. Once applied to soil it maintains its nature for centuries. Consequently, it can be considered a sink to store atmospheric carbon dioxide in soils, thereby mitigating the effects of global climatic changes. The literature contains plenty of papers dealing with biochar’s environmental effects. However, a discrepancy exists between studies dealing with biochar applications and those dealing with the physical-chemistry behind biochar behavior. On the one hand, the impression is that most of the papers where biochar is tested in soils are based on trial-and-error procedures. Sometimes these give positive results, sometimes not. Consequently, it appears that the scientific world is divided into two factions: either supporters or detractors. On the other hand, studies dealing with biochar’s physical-chemistry do not appear helpful in settling the factions’ problem. This review paper aims at collecting all the information on physical-chemistry of biochar and to use it to explain biochar’s role in different fields of application.

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Section: The Biomass Pretreatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Biomass Pretreatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Developments in Understanding Biochar’s Physical–Chemistry

et al. 2021

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“…However, since metal nanoparticles have high surface energy, they are easy to aggregate and passivate to form large‐sized particles, which lower their activity. [ 176 ] Biochar has a large specific surface area, adjustable pore structure, high ion exchange capacity, and strong conductivity. Its surface is rich in functional groups and other active sites.…”

Section: Conversion Of Biomasses Into Biochar Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrothermal and Pyrolytic Conversion of Biomasses into Catalysts for Advanced Oxidation Treatments

Zheng

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

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Biomasses are very important natural products. Transferring biomass into catalysts for the advanced oxidation process (AOP) via heat treatment has attracted extensive attention. This review systematically introduces and summarizes two kinds of innovative biomass‐based catalysts according to the treating temperature. At low temperature (<300 °C), biomasses are converted into hydrothermal carbonation carbon (HTCC) with semiconductive properties for photocatalysis application. At high temperature (>300 °C), by contrast, the products lose their semiconductive nature and become a conductive carbon‐based conductor (biochar). They usually work as AOP catalysts by activating oxidant of O2, H2O2, and peroxysulfate for environmental treatment. This review summarizes and compares HTCC and biochar according to their formation process, structure, catalytic mechanism, and key points for the activity enhancement. The active units in HTCC are the sp2‐hybridized polyfuran unit while those in biochar are the persistent free radicals, nitrogen‐containing unit, or defects. HTCC converts water into OH radicals by using the photoexcited electron/hole pairs induced by solar illumination, while biochar activates oxidants via the active unit on its surface. More importantly, this review summarizes and demonstrates the key points to obtain high‐efficiency HTCC and biochar catalysts. Finally, conclusions are drawn and the future aspects for biomass‐based catalysis are given.

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“…In our previous study, the use of chitosan-modified biochar resulted in a superior treatment effect of drinking water 12 . Biochar is one of the most widely used materials in water treatment, as it is low-cost, renewable and highly porous and has high activity on its surface 13 , 14 . Biochar can be used to purify water by filtering impurities and adsorbing heavy metals and organic pollutants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and bacteriostatic research of porous polyvinyl alcohol / biochar / nanosilver polymer gel for drinking water treatment

Zhao

Zhang

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Microbial contamination in drinking water has become an important threat to human health. There is thus an urgent need to develop antibacterial materials to treat drinking water. Here, porous silver-loaded biochar (C–Ag) was prepared using corn straw as the substrate and silver as the antibacterial agent. C–Ag was then uniformly distributed in polyvinyl alcohol gel beads of eluted calcium carbonate to prepare p-PVA/C–Ag antibacterial composite. The polymer composites were tested by FT-IR, XRD, SEM and TG-DSC. The results showed that C–Ag was more evenly distributed in the PVA gel spheres. Antibacterial experiments showed that p-PVA/C–Ag greatly inhibited Escherichia coli. Practical application tests revealed that p-PVA/C–Ag showed high and sustained bactericidal inhibition and reusability. Generally, p-PVA/C–Ag composite shows high potential to be applied to drinking water treatment.

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Biochar-supported nanomaterials for environmental applications

Cited by 102 publications

References 152 publications

Recent Developments in Understanding Biochar’s Physical–Chemistry

Recent Developments in Understanding Biochar’s Physical–Chemistry

Hydrothermal and Pyrolytic Conversion of Biomasses into Catalysts for Advanced Oxidation Treatments

Preparation and bacteriostatic research of porous polyvinyl alcohol / biochar / nanosilver polymer gel for drinking water treatment

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