Biochar-supported nZVI (nZVI/BC) for contaminant removal from soil and water: A critical review

Wang, Shengsen; Zhao, Maojun; Zhou, Min; Li, Yuncong; Wang, Jun; Gao, Bin; Sato, Shuko; Feng, Kai; Yin, Wang; Igalavithana, Avanthi Deshani; Oleszczuk, Patryk; Wang, Xiaozhi; Ok, Yong Sik

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.03.080

Cited by 359 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 176 publications

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“…However the addition of vinegar residue, which increased the amount of organic matter in the soil, helped the process of contaminant adsorption-reduction. Similar data were obtained in other studies with the addition of organic compounds, with biochar being the main one used [15,43,44]. Di Palma et al [8] used a 3 for 1 part stoichiometric ratio to remediate chromium (VI) contaminated soil (3Fe 0 + Cr 2 O 7 2− + 7H 2 O → 3Fe 2+ + 2Cr(OH) 3 + 8OH − ), but reduction results between 86% and 91% were only obtained using a ratio 25 times higher than the stoichiometric ratio, demonstrating the need for an excess of reducing agent to have the contact between the contaminant and nZVI.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 77%

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Use of Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron for Remediation of Clayey Soil Contaminated with Hexavalent Chromium: Batch and Column Tests

Reginatto

Cecchin

Heineck

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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This study investigated the reduction of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) in a clayey residual soil using nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI). Five different ratios between nZVI and Cr(VI) were tested in batch tests (1000/11; 1000/23; 1000/35; 1000/70, and 1000/140 mg/mg) with the soil. With the selected proportion resulting best efficiency, the column tests were conducted, with molded specimens of 5 cm in diameter and 5 cm in height, with different nZVI injection pressures (10, 30, and 100 kPa). The soil was contaminated with 800 mg/kg of Cr(VI). The Cr(VI) and Cr(III) analyses were performed following the USEPA 3060A and USEPA 7196A standards. The results show that the reduction of Cr(VI) is dependent on the ratio between nZVI and Cr(VI), reaching 98% of efficiency. In column tests, the pressure of 30 kPa was the most efficient. As pressure increased, contaminant leaching increased. The permeability decreased over time due to the gradual increase in filtration and formation of oxyhydroxides, limiting nZVI mobility. Overall, nZVI is efficient for soil remediation with Cr(VI), but the injection process can spread the contaminated if not properly controlled during in situ application.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 77%

Use of Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron for Remediation of Clayey Soil Contaminated with Hexavalent Chromium: Batch and Column Tests

Reginatto

Cecchin

Heineck

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…Recently, nanoremediation based on nano zero-valent iron (nZVI) has attracted increasing attention due to its environmental friendliness, high efficiency, and wide applications [9]. nZVI has been used to reduce leaching of toxic metals through adsorption, complexation and chemical reduction processes [10][11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remediation of Cr(VI)-Contaminated Soil by Nano-Zero-Valent Iron in Combination with Biochar or Humic Acid and the Consequences for Plant Performance

Sun

Zheng

Wang

et al. 2020

Toxics

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Nano-scale zero-valent iron (nZVI) is among the most common nanoparticles widely used for the treatment of various environmental contaminants. However, little is known about the combined effects of nano-zero-valent iron (nZVI) and other soil amendments on soil remediation and plant performance. For the first time, we studied the remediation of Cr(VI)-contaminated soil using bare nZVI (B-nZVI) and starch-supported nZVI (S-nZVI) in combination with either biochar (BC) or humic acid (HA), and the consequent effects on plant growth and Cr accumulation. Both S-nZVI and B-nZVI decreased the contents of Cr(VI) and available Cr in soil, but increased available Fe content, with S-nZVI generally showing more pronounced effects at a higher dose (1000 mg/kg). B-nZVI exerted no inhibition and even stimulation on plant growth, but 1000 mg/kg S-nZVI produced significant phytotoxicity, resulting in decreased plant growth, low chlorophyll content in leaves, and excessive accumulation of Fe in roots. Each nZVI decreased shoot and root Cr concentrations. BC and HA produced synergistic effects with nZVI on Cr(VI) removal from soil, but HA decreased soil pH and increased the availability of Cr and Fe, implying a potential environmental risk. Addition of BC or HA did not alter the effects of either nZVI on plant growth. In conclusion, combined application of 100 mg/kg nZVI and BC could be an ideal strategy for the remediation of soil contaminated with Cr(VI), whereas high-dose S-nZVI and HA are not recommended in the remediation of agricultural soils for crop production or in the phytostabilization of Cr(VI).

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“…Effect of forming composites with carbonaceous materials. Many carbonaceous materials have been used as supports for nZVI to form Fe-carbon composites, [71][72][73] including activated carbon (AC), hydrochar, carbon aerogel, mesoporous carbon, graphene, and biochar. The nZVI particles are dispersed within the carbon pore matrix to prevent aggregation and to enhance mobility in the subsurface when the size of the carbon particle falls into the colloidal range (e.g., 1-2 mm Carbo-Iron® 74 ).…”

Section: Effect Of Zvi Particle Properties On Electron Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying the efficiency and selectivity of organohalide dechlorination by zerovalent iron

Gong

Fan

et al. 2020

Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts

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Biochar-supported nZVI (nZVI/BC) for contaminant removal from soil and water: A critical review

Cited by 359 publications

References 176 publications

Use of Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron for Remediation of Clayey Soil Contaminated with Hexavalent Chromium: Batch and Column Tests

Use of Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron for Remediation of Clayey Soil Contaminated with Hexavalent Chromium: Batch and Column Tests

Remediation of Cr(VI)-Contaminated Soil by Nano-Zero-Valent Iron in Combination with Biochar or Humic Acid and the Consequences for Plant Performance

Quantifying the efficiency and selectivity of organohalide dechlorination by zerovalent iron

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