Biochemical Actions of Thyroid Hormones

Hoch, Frederic L.

doi:10.1152/physrev.1962.42.4.605

Cited by 193 publications

(67 citation statements)

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“…This conclusion was contrary to the frequently cited mechanisms of action involving direct effects on the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation or mitochondrial stability, based on work in vitro or after the administration of catabolic doses of thyroid hormones (see [4][5][6][7]. More recent work on amino acid incorporation into mitochondrial protein has also supported the idea that, under conditions close to the physiological, thyroid hormones exert a selective control upon mitochondrial composition without modifying the efficency of oxidative phosphorylation (8)(9)(10).…”

contrasting

confidence: 60%

The Relationship Between the Structure and Activity of Rat Skeletal Muscle Mitochondria After Thyroidectomy and Thyroid Hormone Treatment

Gustafsson

Tata

Lindberg

et al. 1965

The Journal of Cell Biology

212

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The finc structure of rat gastrocncmius muscle fibers has been studied aftcr changes were induced in the basal metabolic rate (BMR) by thyroidectomy and L-thyroxine administration under anabolic conditions. Biochemical analysis of skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration and phosphorylation from the same tissue preparations has been summarized, details having been published earlier (3). As estimated from electron micrographs, the total amount of mitochondria from thyroidectomized animals was enlarged 1.5 times over that from normal controls. The total amount of mitochondria from thyroidectomized or normal animals made hypermetabolic with thyroxine was increased 2.5 to 3.5 times over that from their corresponding controls. In all cases, there was an increase in the mitochondrial population and the profile ratio of cristae to matrix was also considerably increased, thus indicating both relative and absolute enlargements of the entire surface of the cristae per unit fiber. The major structural changes persisted for at least 3 weeks after the cessation of thyroxine treatment, by which time the elevated mitochondrial respiratory and phosphorylative activity had declined to normal values. The hypertrophy and increase in mitochondrial population was more prominent in the perinuclear and subsacrolemmic regions near blood vessels than in the interstices of the fibrils. The very long interfibrillar mitochondria found in both the hypo-and hypermetabolic tissues are more likely to be derived from outgrowths of the original mitochondria rather than from a fusion of smaller ones. These findings are compatible with the ideas expressed elsewhere (see 1, 3, 10) that, under conditions close to the physiological, thyroid hormones control mitochondrial metabolic activity by a subtle alteration in mitochondrial composition with respect to their respiratory and phosphorylative constituents. ~Ihe possible application of using thyroid hormones in the study of biogenesis of mitochondria and the synthesis of mitochondrial constituents are discussed.

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contrasting

confidence: 60%

The Relationship Between the Structure and Activity of Rat Skeletal Muscle Mitochondria After Thyroidectomy and Thyroid Hormone Treatment

Gustafsson

Tata

Lindberg

et al. 1965

The Journal of Cell Biology

212

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“…On the other hand, thyroid hormone can increase the oxidation rate in the presence of normal phosphorylation. This has been called 'loose coupling' and represents a high respiration rate independent of the availability in ADP (Hoch, 1962(Hoch, ,1974. Loose coupling would explain parallel increases in formation of ATP and oxidation rate, in agreement with the anabolic action of thyroid hormone.…”

Section: Mechanism Of Thyroid Hormone Action On Calongenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Action of Thyroid Hormone

Bernal

Refetoff

1977

Clinical Endocrinology

104

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SUMMARYThyroid hormone affects both developmental and metabolic processes. It has a relatively specific effect on the synthesis of a number of enzymes and other proteins. The fundamental cellular mechanism of action seems to be at the level of genetic regulation. It involves interaction with nuclear receptors, leading to an activation of the protein synthesizing machinery. How binding to receptors is coupled to genetic activation is completely unknown. At least part of the metabolic effects of thyroid hormone could be mediated through an interaction with mitochondria and cell membrane, and with some enzymatic systems such as adenylcyclase.

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“…However, the possibility exists that thyroid hormone exerts a more direct effect on the intrinsic contractile properties of the myocardium and that the changes in the circulation result, at least in part, from such a direct effect. Furthermore, assessment of myocardial energy stores is essential in relation to studies of contractility, since considerable evidence has accumulated to indicate an effect of thyroid hormone on oxidative phosphorylation (7). Accordingly, the aim of the present investigation was to determine the effects of hyper-and hypothyroidism on: (a) the intrinsic contractile properties of the myocardium in the presence and absence of intact norepinephrine stores; (b) the contractile responses of the myocardium to various inotropic stimuli; and (c) the high energy phosphate stores in the myocardium.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the Thyroid State on the Intrinsic Contractile Properties and Energy Stores of the Myocardium*

Buccino¹,

Spann²,

Pool³

et al. 1967

J. Clin. Invest.

377

100

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Abstract. The intrinsic contractile properties of isolated cat papillary muscles and myocardial high energy phosphate stores were examined at three levels of thyroid activity and correlated with hemodynamic measurements in the intact animal. In addition, the relationship of thyroid state to endogenous norepinephrine stores and myocardial responsiveness to certain inotropic in-.terventions were studied. In muscles from hyperthyroid cats, the velocity of shortening and the rate of tension development were markedly augmented, while duration of active state was decreased, compared to euthyroid muscles. These findings occurred in the presence and absence of intact norepinephrine stores and over a wide range of temperature and contraction frequency. The opposite changes occurred in muscles from hypothyroid cats. Isometric tension was slightly higher in muscles from hyperthyroid and lower in muscles from hypothyroid cats. The inotropic response to both norepinephrine and strophanthidin varied inversely with the level of thyroid state and allowed all three groups of muscles to reach a common ceiling of isometric tension regardless of thyroid state. Creatine phosphate and adenosine triphosphate stores were intact at all three levels of thyroid state. Thus, the level of thyroid activity profoundly affects the intrinsic contractile state of cardiac muscle, independent of both norepinephrine stores and alterations in high energy phosphate stores, and, in addition, modifies the responsiveness of cardiac muscle to inotropic agents.

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Biochemical Actions of Thyroid Hormones

Cited by 193 publications

References 0 publications

The Relationship Between the Structure and Activity of Rat Skeletal Muscle Mitochondria After Thyroidectomy and Thyroid Hormone Treatment

The Relationship Between the Structure and Activity of Rat Skeletal Muscle Mitochondria After Thyroidectomy and Thyroid Hormone Treatment

The Action of Thyroid Hormone

Influence of the Thyroid State on the Intrinsic Contractile Properties and Energy Stores of the Myocardium*

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