Biochemical and genotoxic biomarkers in Atherina boyeri to evaluate the status of aquatic ecosystems

Sublethal concentrations of dichlorvos and paraquat induce genotoxic and histological effects in the Clarias gariepinus

“…Pesticides use has increased the exposure of organisms inhabiting the aquatic environment [ 11 ] causing hazardous effects to non-target organisms [ 12 ], disrupting the food chain, modifying the food web and causing instability in the ecosystem [ 13 ]. Biomarkers such as micronuclei (MN) induction indicating genotoxic effects and histopathological changes have been utilized as indices of toxicant exposure or effect in Clarias gariepinus [ 14 , 15 ], other fish species [ 16 , 17 ] and animals [ 18 ]. Fragmentation and/or MN induction results from alterations in erythrocyte nuclei [ 19 ] which could lead to growth retardation, abnormal development and deleterious effects at population and community levels [ 17 , 20 ].…”

“…Biomarkers such as micronuclei (MN) induction indicating genotoxic effects and histopathological changes have been utilized as indices of toxicant exposure or effect in Clarias gariepinus [ 14 , 15 ], other fish species [ 16 , 17 ] and animals [ 18 ]. Fragmentation and/or MN induction results from alterations in erythrocyte nuclei [ 19 ] which could lead to growth retardation, abnormal development and deleterious effects at population and community levels [ 17 , 20 ]. Further, studies to elucidate the toxic effects of dichlorvos and paraquat in C. gariepinus include acute toxicity of dichlorvos [ 21 , 22 ] and paraquat [ 23 , 24 ], hepatocyte vacuolation in C. gariepinus exposed to acute levels of paraquat [ 25 ].…”

Effects of pesticides on Chelon labrosus (Risso, 1827) evaluated by enzymatic activities along the north eastern Sicilian coastlines (Italy)

“…The use of biomarkers in fish to evaluate the effects of pesticides, including insecticides, has already been demonstrated to be advantageous (Caliani et al 2019;Fazio et al 2019;Hamed et al 2019;Sayed et al 2019;Soliman et al 2019;Parrino et al 2020). In this study, it is possible to observe an enzymatic activity inhibition of 81% (AChE) and 71% (BChE) in samples of C labrosus from Milazzo Gulf compared to those from the reference site (Marinello).…”

“…Useful tools for ecotoxicological studies of marine ecosystems are based on biomarker application on key bioindicator species (Napierska & Podolska 2008;Licata et al 2012;Mahboob et al 2014;Maisano et al 2015;Giannetto et al 2017;Cappello et al 2018Cappello et al , 2021Caliani et al 2019;Fazio et al 2019;Hamed et al 2019;Pereira et al 2019;Sayed et al 2019;Parrino et al 2020;Missawi et al 2021). Fish are ubiquitous in aquatic environments and have a key role in the food chain, thus representing an energy vector from lower to higher levels (Payne et al 1996;Caliani et al 2019;Parrino et al 2020). The uptake mechanisms of pollutants and the behaviour and responses of fish are of high ecological relevance.…”

“…Although many fish species are highly mobile or migratory, fish represent optimal bioindicators of pollution of aquatic ecosystems (Van der Oost et al 2003;Guerriero et al 2018;Abdel-Gawad et al 2020). Among the various biomarkers of exposure to pesticides, for this study, the enzymatic activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) were selected, having both been widely used to specifically evaluate the toxic effects of pesticides, such as carbamates and organophosphates (De Domenico et al 2013;Caliani et al 2019;Sayed et al 2019;Parrino et al 2020). These ecotoxicological biomarkers are specific for these xenobiotic compounds and provide information about the real effect induced on target species.…”