Biochemical and genotoxic effects in women exposed to pesticides in Southern Ecuador

Arévalo-Jaramillo, Paulina; Idrobo, Alicia; Salcedo, Lorena; Cabrera, A.; Vintimilla, Andrea; Carrión, Mayra; Bailón-Moscoso, Natalia

doi:10.1007/s11356-019-05725-7

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…GSHs are a group of enzymes (GSTP1, GSTT1, and GSTM1) which deactivate free oxygen radicals rendering them unable to interact with other proteins and enzymes having key roles in cellular function [54,55]. Although, there was no significant correlation between GSTP1 (rs1695) genotypes and GSH levels in both OP-exposed subjects of both populations in this study.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 59%

Oxidative Stress and Analysis of Selected SNPs of ACHE (rs 2571598), BCHE (rs 3495), CAT (rs 7943316), SIRT1 (rs 10823108), GSTP1 (rs 1695), and Gene GSTM1, GSTT1 in Chronic Organophosphates Exposed Groups from Cameroon and Pakistan

Javeres

Habib

Laure

et al. 2020

IJMS

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The detrimental effects of organophosphates (OPs) on human health are thought to be of systemic, i.e., irreversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) at nerve synapses. However, several studies have shown that AChE inhibition alone cannot explain all the toxicological manifestations in prolonged exposure to OPs. The present study aimed to assess the status of antioxidants malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) (reduced), catalase, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) in chronic OP-exposed groups from Cameroon and Pakistan. Molecular analysis of genetic polymorphisms (SNPs) of glutathione transferases (GSTM1, GSTP1, GSTT1), catalase gene (CAT, rs7943316), sirtuin 1 gene (SIRT1, rs10823108), acetylcholinesterase gene (ACHE, rs2571598), and butyrylcholinesterase gene (BCHE, rs3495) were screened in the OP-exposed individuals to find the possible causative association with oxidative stress and toxicity. Cholinesterase and antioxidant activities were measured by colorimetric methods using a spectrophotometer. Salting-out method was employed for DNA extraction from blood followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) for molecular analysis. Cholinergic enzymes were significantly decreased in OP-exposed groups. Catalase and SOD were decreased and MDA and FRAP were increased in OP-exposed groups compared to unexposed groups in both groups. GSH was decreased only in Pakistani OPs-exposed group. Molecular analysis of ACHE, BCHE, Catalase, GSTP1, and GSTM1 SNPs revealed a tentative association with their phenotypic expression that is level of antioxidant and cholinergic enzymes. The study concludes that chronic OPs exposure induces oxidative stress which is associated with the related SNP polymorphism. The toxicogenetics of understudied SNPs were examined for the first time to our understanding. The findings may lead to a newer area of investigation on OPs induced health issues and toxicogenetics.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 59%

Oxidative Stress and Analysis of Selected SNPs of ACHE (rs 2571598), BCHE (rs 3495), CAT (rs 7943316), SIRT1 (rs 10823108), GSTP1 (rs 1695), and Gene GSTM1, GSTT1 in Chronic Organophosphates Exposed Groups from Cameroon and Pakistan

Javeres

Habib

Laure

et al. 2020

IJMS

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“…Since the use of PPE can influence on the negative association between AChE and BChE activities depletion and pesticide exposure [ 34 ], the use of protective measurements among most of the workers as in the study of Taghavian et al [ 35 ] has certainly influenced the results. Although we could not compare the acetylcholinesterase levels with other studies due to different measurement units and types, we have found many articles that confirmed our results such as the work of Krieger and Dinoff [ 36 ], or articles that demonstrated even unchanged or nonsignificant changes in the exposed and control group [ 37 , 38 ], even though various studies have demonstrated the inhibitory effect of organophosphate and carbamate pesticides on cholinesterase activities. At the end, previous results from other colleagues in our group demonstrated that determination of AChE activity does not need to provide reliable evidence for exposure and that the use of other test or biomarkers to detect effects of long-term exposure to pesticides should be recommended [ 15 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 48%

“…According to the multiple linear regression models (in which it is detected that independent variables have a great effect on the variation of a dependent one) it was found that for the tail moment in the comet assay the only independent variable that contributes to its variability is the BMI (b = 0.3161 ± 0.156, p = 0.049). Arévalo-Jaramillo et al [ 38 ], in their study over biochemical and genotoxic effects in women exposed to pesticides in Southern Ecuador, observed that the population with highest rate of obesity also exhibited greater genotoxic effects. Our findings could be a consequence of the ability of some pesticides to accumulate in fatty tissue [ 65 ], thus overweight or obesity may be a factor that can increase the risk of intoxication from pesticides and the level of oxidative stress that causative can also influence on the level of DNA damage [ 66 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Cytogenetic Damage and Cholinesterases’ Activity in Workers Occupationally Exposed to Pesticides in Zamora-Jacona, Michoacan, Mexico

Valencia-Quintana

López-Durán

Milić

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Pesticides have been considered as potential chemical mutagens; however, little is known about toxic and genotoxic effects during pesticide application in Zamora-Jacona, Michoacan State in Mexico. This study sought to determine DNA damage and cholinesterase activities inhibitions in 54 agricultural workers exposed to complex mixtures of pesticides vs. control group (26 individuals) using Comet assay in peripheral whole blood, micronucleus (MN) test in oral mucosa cells, Cytokinesis-blocked MN assay in lymphocytes (L-CBMNcyt) and measuring AChE and BChE activities in whole blood and plasma samples, respectively. Exposed subjects demonstrated significantly elevated levels of primary (Comet assay: tail intensity, tail length, tail moment, Olive tail moment) and permanent DNA damage (MN assay: in blood/buccal cells; frequencies of nuclear buds, binucleated cells, cells with condensed chromatin, karyorrhexis, pyknosis, and karyolysis). However, inhibition of cholinesterase activities (AChE and BChE) was not observed in the workers. Confounding factors including sex, age, BMI, working exposure period, protection level, smoking habit (cigarettes per day units), alcohol consumption (weekly), medication, were considered in the analysis. These combined techniques demonstrated usefulness in the health hazards risks pesticide exposure assessment and suggested the need for periodic monitoring together with the education and the training of occupational workers for the safe application of potentially harmful pesticides.

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“…A strong correlation between the rate of nuclear anomalies and diseases like cancer and neurodegenerative diseases was demonstrated in several studies [21,22]. Thus, BMCA is a suitable method to detect the genotoxic and short-termexposure-related-cytotoxic damage in human tissues, which are targeted by potential carcinogens [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Indicators of Genotoxicity in Farmers and Laborers of Ecological and Conventional Banana Plantations in Ecuador

Hutter

Poteser

Lemmerer

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Banana farming represents an important segment of agricultural production in Ecuador. The health of farmworkers might be compromised by the extensive use of pesticides in plantations applied under poorly regulated conditions. Due to an increased awareness of pesticide-related problems for nature, as well as for worker and consumer health, ecological farming has been established in some plantations of Ecuador. We set out to investigate the occupational health of workers in both conventional and ecological farming. Nuclear anomalies in buccal epithelial cells were used as short-term indicators for genotoxicity and a potentially increased cancer risk in the two groups of farmworkers. By application of the Buccal Micronucleus Cytome Assay (BMCA), we found the frequency of micronuclei in conventional pesticide using farmworkers significantly increased by 2.6-fold, and other nuclear anomalies significantly increased by 24% to 80% (except pyknosis with a non-significant increase of 11%) compared to the farmworkers on ecological plantations. These results demonstrate that ecological farming may provide an alternative to extensive pesticide use with significantly reduced indicators of cancer risk. In conventional farming, improvements in education and instruction regarding the safe handling of pesticides and protective equipment, as well as regulatory measures, are urgently needed.

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Biochemical and genotoxic effects in women exposed to pesticides in Southern Ecuador

Cited by 21 publications

References 35 publications

Oxidative Stress and Analysis of Selected SNPs of ACHE (rs 2571598), BCHE (rs 3495), CAT (rs 7943316), SIRT1 (rs 10823108), GSTP1 (rs 1695), and Gene GSTM1, GSTT1 in Chronic Organophosphates Exposed Groups from Cameroon and Pakistan

Oxidative Stress and Analysis of Selected SNPs of ACHE (rs 2571598), BCHE (rs 3495), CAT (rs 7943316), SIRT1 (rs 10823108), GSTP1 (rs 1695), and Gene GSTM1, GSTT1 in Chronic Organophosphates Exposed Groups from Cameroon and Pakistan

Assessment of Cytogenetic Damage and Cholinesterases’ Activity in Workers Occupationally Exposed to Pesticides in Zamora-Jacona, Michoacan, Mexico

Indicators of Genotoxicity in Farmers and Laborers of Ecological and Conventional Banana Plantations in Ecuador

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