Biochemical and haematological responses in African catfishClarias gariepinusfollowing chronic exposure to NPK (15:15:15) fertiliser

Abstract

The indiscriminate use of inorganic fertilisers to boost plant productivity has resulted in negative consequences in aquatic ecosystems. The effects of chronic exposure to NPK (15:15:15) fertiliser at 0.40, 0.80 and 1.60 g l −1 on the haematological and biochemical responses of Clarias gariepinus were determined under a static renewal bioassay for a period of 56 days in April-June 2013. There was a reduction in haemoglobin levels, mean corpuscular haemoglobin and haematocrit, while mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration increased in exposed fish compared to the control. There was a significant difference (p < 0.05) between the levels of the parameters examined in exposed fish and the control. However, a mixed trend was observed in the leucocyte differentials. In addition, glucose, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels were significantly increased while protein levels were reduced (p < 0.05) in the plasma throughout the exposure period. Prolonged exposure of C. gariepinus juveniles to NPK can lead to physiological dysfunction in the fish.

Effects of 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol on Clarias batrachus: a biomarkers approach

“…TLC plays a significant role in the body’s defence against invasion by foreign bodies and infections and in producing, transporting and distributing antibodies involved in immune response (Ajima et al 2015 ). The rise in TLC when exposed to 2,4,6-TCP may be a reflection of this phenomenon.…”

Bisphenol A induced toxicity in blood cells of freshwater fish Channa punctatus after acute exposure

“…Attenuation in erythrocyte number may be due to the fragmentation of erythrocytes cell membrane or due to the disarray in hemopoiesis due to disruption in spleen and kidney by toxicants ( Banaee, 2013 ). The prime purpose of WBC count or total leukocyte count (TLC) is to contend against infections, shield the body against incursions by extraneous substances, and induce as well as disseminate antibodies ( Ajima et al, 2015 ). The increase in WBCs count observed in the present study could be attributed to a stimulation of the immune system in response to tissue damage caused by BPA.…”

Fish Behaviour and Immune Response as a Potential Indicator of Stress Caused by 4-Nonylphenol

“…Decreased value of lymphocytes along with other haematological parameters was seen in L. rohita after exposure with butachlor [40]. When fish C. gariepinus were exposed with NPK fertilizer for 56 days, the number of neutrophils and monocytes get increased while lymphocyte number decreased [41].…”