Biochemical and Histological Changes Associated with Azo Food Dye (Tartrazine) in Male Albino Rats

Elekima, Ibioku; Nwachuku, Ogechi Edna; Nduka, Nsirim; Nwanjo, HU; Ukwukwu, Damion

doi:10.9734/ajrb/2019/v5i130083

Cited by 11 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…However, significant increase was seen in ALT after 60 days of treatment. The result of ALT is in line with the report of [6,39]. Amin et al [6] reported increase in ALT concentration in rats administered with 15 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg bodyweight.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Furthermore, when liver enzymes were considered, GGT and ALP indicated no significant difference after 30 and 60 days of treatment which is also in agreement with the reports of [39]. Elekima et al [39] documented non-significant increases in ALP in rats treated with tartrazine at ADI dose over a period of 60 days. However, Mehedi et al [38] reported significant increase in ALT and GGT after 13 weeks of tartrazine administration at a dose of 0.1% in female rats but such increase was not reported in male rats.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Amin et al [6] reported increase in ALT concentration in rats administered with 15 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg bodyweight. More so, Elekima et al [39] also reported significant increase in ALT in male albino rats treated with tartrazine at ADI dose of 7.5 mg/kg body weight. However, Himri et al [37] documented no significant difference in rats treated with tartrazine at ADI dose of 7.5 mg/kg for 90 days as compared to the control.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Evaluation of Anti-oxidant Enzymes, Lipid Peroxidation, Lipid Profile and Liver Function in Albino Rats Orally Administered Tartrazine

Adele

Iroh

Briggs

et al. 2020

IJBcRR

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Aim: To evaluate the anti-oxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation, lipid profile and liver function in albino rats orally administered tartrazine. Study Design: A total number of 63 female albino rats weighing approximately 0.2 kg were used for this study. The study was divided into two phases, phase 1 which lasted for the first 30 days, comprised of 35 rats, 20 rats were used as test group while 15 rats served as the control group. Phase 2 of the study was for 60 days and 28 rats were used with 16 as test group and 12 as the control. The test groups were orally administered with 7.5 mg/kg of tartrazine (ADI) daily over the specified periods while the control groups were not treated with tartrazine but given only food and water. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in the Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria within a period of 12 months (Feb., 2019 – Jan., 2020). Methodology: At the end of the study, 5 mls of whole blood specimens was collected by means of cardiac puncture into plain bottles. To obtain the serum, the whole blood samples were allowed to clot and later dislodged and spun at 3500 rpm for 10 minutes. The collected serum specimens were used to analyze SOD, MDA, GPX, ALT, GGT, ALP, TG, TCHOL, and HDL-C, while LDL-C was calculated using Friedwald equation. Results: The chronic treatment of rats with tartrazine azo food dye at the ADI dose caused an increase in MDA levels after 30 and 60 days test rats compared to the control, while TCHOL and HDL-C showed significant decrease after 30 and 60 days of treatment in the test group compared to the control group. In addition, ALT indicated significant increase in test group after 60 days of treatment compared to control group. ALP, GGT, TG, LDL-C, SOD and GPX showed no significant difference after 30, and 60 days of treatment at ADI doses. Histologic examination of the liver indicated hydropic dilation, degenerating hepatocyes and infiltration of central vein with parenchymal materials alongside kupffer cells. Conclusion: The results from this study revealed that orally administered tartrazine at the recommended ADI dose increased lipid peroxidation as seen in the elevated MDA levels. Hepatic derangements were also seen as revealed by increased ALT and histologic distortions as well fall in TCHOL and HDL-C lipid fractions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Evaluation of Anti-oxidant Enzymes, Lipid Peroxidation, Lipid Profile and Liver Function in Albino Rats Orally Administered Tartrazine

Adele

Iroh

Briggs

et al. 2020

IJBcRR

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“…They reported no significant change in the absolute and relative weight of the ovary when rats were treated with tartrazine at a dose of 0.1%, 0.45%, 1% and 2.5% for a period of 13 weeks. More so, our finding agrees with the report of Elekima et al [1]. They also observed no significant change in the absolute weight of the ovary when rats were given tartrazine at a dose of ADI doses over a period of 30 and 60 days.…”

Section: B Treated Rats 30 Days: Normal Oocyte (O) With Zona Pellucsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Colour in the form of powder, pastes or semi fluid is added in a wide variety of food items like beverages, baking flavors, candies and other food items to improve appearance, attractiveness and taste [1,2]. These colors are able to influence or stimulate appetite, giving the consumer a quality perception [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Ovarian Integrity, Reproductive Hormones, and Oxidative Stress in Albino Rats Exposed to Tartrazine Azo Dye

Elekima

Horsfall

Adimefe

et al. 2020

AJBGMB

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Aim: To assess the effect of tartrazine at ADI doses on ovarian integrity (the weight and histology of the ovary), reproductive fertility hormones (luteinizing hormones (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and prolactin (PRL)) and oxidative stress markers (glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)) over a period of 30 and 60 days in albino rats. Study Design: A total of 63 female rats weighing approximately 0.2kg were divided into two phases. In phase 1 (30 days treatment period), the rats were divided into 2 groups - designated tartrazine treated group (TTG1) consisting of 20 rats and control untreated group (CUG1) consisting of 15 rats. In phase 2 (60 days treatment period), the rats were again divided into 2 groups – tartrazine treated group (TTG2) consisting of 16 rats and control untreated group (CUG2) consisting of 12 rats. The acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 7.5mg/kg of the dye was administered orally while the control groups were given food and water only. Methodology: At the end of the study, the animals were anaesthetized and 5 mL of whole blood samples was collected by means of cardiac puncture into plain bottles, later spun at 4000 rpm for 5 minutes to obtain serum. The laboratory analysis of LH, FSH and PRL as well as GPX and SOD activity were based on Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) Technique using rat-specific kits. Ovarian tissues collected were weighed using electronic balance, washed in normal saline, fixed in 10% formalin saline, embedded in paraffin wax, 5μm thick sections were obtained by rotary microtome, stained using Haematoxylin & Eosin and examined using digital Olympus microscopic. Results: Non-significant higher values in the absolute weight of the ovary (WOV), FSH, LH, and PRL while non-significant lower values in GPX and SOD were observed in the treated rats against control rats over a period of 30 and 60 days at P=.05. The histological examination over a period of 30 days did not indicate any alteration but hydropic dilation and structural alterations were seen after 60 days. Conclusion: The administration of ADI doses of tartrazine over a period of 60 days affected the integrity of the ovary mildly as observed in the histology but did not markly reflect on the biochemical markers in the plasma as well as the weight of the ovary.

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The protective effect of aqueous extract ofStevia rebaudianaagainst tartrazine toxicity in male Wistar rat

Hanna,

Beshay,

El. Shafee

et al. 2023

Cell Biochemistry & Function

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Tartrazine is a yellow colouring agent that is commonly used in foods; however, high dosages of Tartrazine affect fertility and create oxidative stress by generating free radicals. A plant species known as Stevia rebaudiana has natural antioxidants that show promise for protecting testicular tissue. Consequently, this study was intended to examine the ameliorative effect of the aqueous extract of S. rebaudiana (Stevia) on the fertility of male Wistar rats induced by the daily oral intake of Tartrazine. Utilizing gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, phytochemical identification was accomplished for Stevia extract. Study groups were separated into several groups: the first group (the control) got distilled water for up to 56 days; the Stevia group (1000 mg/kg), the Tartrazine group (300 mg/kg) and the Stevia and Tartrazine group (the group was given Tartrazine after 1 h of Stevia extract intake). Also, the oxidative damage in testicular tissues was assessed by measuring the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidants (catalase [CAT], superoxide dismutase [SOD] and glutathione reductase [GSH]). Further, histological alterations were examined. In addition, cyclic AMP‐responsive element modulator (Crem) gene expression levels and their relative proteins were measured in the testicular tissues using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays, respectively. Sperm analysis and testosterone concentration were also performed. SPSS version 25 was used for the analysis of results while (p < .05) was regarded as significant. Compared with the control group, the results demonstrated that Tartrazine caused a significant reduction (p < .05) in the testosterone hormone level (0.70 ± 0.21) and the Crem protein quantity (1.21 ± 0.23) in the treated Tartrazine group. Also, it had a significant decrease (p < .05) in sperm motility, viability, count and antioxidant levels. Moreover, there was a significant increase (p < .05) in sperm abnormalities, MDA level (7.40 ± 1.10), kidney and liver function parameters, and DNA degradation in the treated Tartrazine group compared with the control group. On the contrary, the Stevia extract intake enhanced the testosterone (2.50 ± 0.60), antioxidants and Crem protein levels (2.33 ± 0.10) with an improvement in sperm quality in the Stevia and Tartrazine‐treated group compared with the Tartrazine group. Stevia also caused a significant decrease (p < .05) in the MDA level (3.20 ± 0.20), and sperm abnormalities with an enhancement of the liver and kidney function parameters in the Stevia and Tartrazine‐treated group compared to the Tartrazine group. Stevia administration has a protective effect on the testicular tissues and sperm quality against toxicity induced by Tartrazine exposure, so it will be a good antioxidant drug to be administered daily before daily administration of Tartrazine.

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Biochemical and Histological Changes Associated with Azo Food Dye (Tartrazine) in Male Albino Rats

Cited by 11 publications

References 15 publications

Evaluation of Anti-oxidant Enzymes, Lipid Peroxidation, Lipid Profile and Liver Function in Albino Rats Orally Administered Tartrazine

Evaluation of Anti-oxidant Enzymes, Lipid Peroxidation, Lipid Profile and Liver Function in Albino Rats Orally Administered Tartrazine

Assessment of Ovarian Integrity, Reproductive Hormones, and Oxidative Stress in Albino Rats Exposed to Tartrazine Azo Dye

The protective effect of aqueous extract ofStevia rebaudianaagainst tartrazine toxicity in male Wistar rat

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