Biochemical and immunological changes in obesity

Barakat, Beatriz; Almeida, Martha Elisa Ferreira de

doi:10.1016/j.abb.2021.108951

Cited by 29 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 149 publications

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“…On the other hand, NRP-1 loss leads to iron accumulation, the inhibition of cellular growth, and immunosenescence. Issitt T et al observed that treatment with the mitochondriatargeted antioxidant of NRP-1-deficient endothelial cells inhibits superoxide production and protects from cellular senescence [45,46]. It is well established that heart diseases, hypertension, or diabetes are high-risk conditions for severe COVID-19 disease.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Review

Gudowska-Sawczuk

Mroczko

2021

JCM

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), discovered in 2019, is responsible for the global coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic. The main protein that interacts with the host cell receptor is the Spike-1 (S1) subunit of the coronavirus. This subunit binds with receptors present on the host cell membrane. It has been identified from several studies that neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) is one of the co-receptors for SARS-CoV-2 entry. Therefore, in this review, we focus on the significance of NRP-1 in SARS-CoV-2 infection. MEDLINE/PubMed database was used for a search of available literature. In the current review, we report that NRP-1 plays many important functions, including angiogenesis, neuronal development, and the regulation of immune responses. Additionally, the presence of this glycoprotein on the host cell membrane significantly augments the infection and spread of SARS-CoV-2. Literature data suggest that NRP-1 facilitates entry of the virus into the central nervous system through the olfactory epithelium of the nasal cavity. Moreover, published findings show that interfering with VEGF-A/NRP-1 using NRP-1 inhibitors may produce an analgesic effect. The review describes an association between NRP-1, SARS-CoV-2 and, inter alia, pathological changes in the retina. Based on the published findings, we suggest that NRP-1 is a very important mediator implicated in, inter alia, neurological manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Additionally, it appears that the use of NRP-1 inhibitors is a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Review

Gudowska-Sawczuk

Mroczko

2021

JCM

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“…Obesity is a state of chronic low-grade inflammation which increases cellular stress ( 40 ). Within the intestine, chronic HFD feeding increases proinflammatory cytokines and intestinal barrier permeability, promotes dysbiosis and higher levels of “proinflammatory” microbiota ( 41 , 42 ). These changes place enhanced stress on the intestinal epithelium.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enterocyte HKDC1 Modulates Intestinal Glucose Absorption in Male Mice Fed a High-fat Diet

2022

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Hexokinase domain containing protein-1, or HKDC1, is a widely expressed hexokinase that is genetically associated with elevated 2-hour gestational blood glucose levels during an oral glucose tolerance test, suggesting a role for HKDC1 in postprandial glucose regulation during pregnancy. Our earlier studies utilizing mice containing global HKDC1 knockdown, as well as hepatic HKDC1 overexpression and knockout, indicated that HKDC1 is important for whole-body glucose homeostasis in aging and pregnancy, through modulation of glucose tolerance, peripheral tissue glucose utilization, and hepatic energy storage. However, our knowledge of the precise role(s) of HKDC1 in regulating postprandial glucose homeostasis under normal and diabetic conditions is lacking. Since the intestine is the main entry portal for dietary glucose, here we developed an intestine-specific HKDC1 knockout mouse model, HKDC1 Int-/-, to determine the in vivo role of intestinal HKDC1 in regulating glucose homeostasis. While no overt glycemic phenotype was observed, aged HKDC1 Int-/- mice fed a high fat diet exhibited an increased glucose excursion following an oral glucose load compared to mice expressing intestinal HKDC1. This finding resulted from glucose entry via the intestinal epithelium and is not due to differences in insulin levels, enterocyte glucose utilization, or reduction in peripheral skeletal muscle glucose uptake. Assessment of intestinal glucose transporters in high fat diet-fed HKDC1 Int-/- mice suggested increased apical GLUT2 expression in the fasting state. Taken together, our results indicate that intestinal HKDC1 contributes to the modulation of postprandial dietary glucose transport across the intestinal epithelium under conditions of enhanced metabolic stress, such as high fat diet.

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“…Obesity may lead to the development of metabolic changes, causing e.g. diabetes, dyslipidemia, arterial hypertension, cancer or changes in the intestinal microbiota [5]. Although prevalence of obesity among children is lower than among adults, the rate of its spread is higher [16].…”

Section: Maternal Overweight/obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Human milk metabolome: Impact of gestational age, lactational stage and maternal diet

Wojcik

Mojska

2022

Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig

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Human breast milk due to its unique composition and the ability to adapt to the needs of the infant, is referred to as the "gold standard". Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended for the first 6 months of a inflant's life. The composition of breast milk and its metabolites is not constant and varies depending on the influence of various factors. Its analysis allows for rational management of infant nutrition. Intermediate and final metabolites of human milk are formed as a result of various metabolic processes in the mammary gland, and their role and the influence of various factors on them are not fully determined in the context of the proper development of infants. Metabolomic studies can be used to identify intermediate and terminal metabolites in breast milk. The aim of the study was to review the current literature on the variability of human milk metabolome depending on factors such as gestational age, lactation stage and mother's diet. A review of current research shows that the composition of human milk metabolome varies depending on various factors. Better understanding of metabolome of breast milk could be crucial in the future programming of metabolic processes in infants, which is crucial in preventing many diseases and maintaining health.

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Biochemical and immunological changes in obesity

Cited by 29 publications

References 149 publications

The Role of Neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Review

The Role of Neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Review

Enterocyte HKDC1 Modulates Intestinal Glucose Absorption in Male Mice Fed a High-fat Diet

Human milk metabolome: Impact of gestational age, lactational stage and maternal diet

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