Biochemical and molecular characterization of acetylcholinesterase from the hagfish Myxine glutinosa

Structure and Function of Cholinesterases from Agnathans and Cephalochordates

“…Both acetylthiocholine and butyrylthiocholine hydrolysis by hagfish and lamprey muscle and hagfish spinal cord are inhibited in a parallel fashion by AChE and BuChE inhibitors. These pharmacological and kinetic data suggest that only a single cholinesterase, AChE, is present in the hagfish and the lamprey (10).…”

“…Agnathan vertebrates possess only a single ChE, AChE (10), which at the level of amino acid sequence is clearly different from amphioxus ChEI and ChE2, as well as from other invertebrate ChE's, particularly in the region of the acyl-binding pocket. We proposed a model for the evolution of ChE 1 and ChE2 in amphioxus, and of AChE and BuChE in the vertebrates (16), which is refined here (Fig.…”

Molecular characterization of an acetylcholinesterase from the hemichordate Saccoglossus kowalevskii

“…Conventional thinking is that AChE is the ancestral ChE in the craniates, and that BChE resulted from a gene duplication event early in vertebrate evolution, with subsequent structural and functional divergence in the acyl pocket and other catalytic subsites (Chatonnet and Lockridge, 1989;Pezzementi et al, 2012). Supporting this view is the apparent presence of only AChE in the invertebrate craniates, the hagfish and the lamprey (Pezzementi et al, 1987;Sanders et al, 1996), and the presence of atypical BChEs with characteristics intermediate to AChE and BChE in various cartilaginous and bony fish (Lundin, 1968;Toutant et al, 1985;Leibel, 1988a,b;Stieger et al, 1989;Pezzementi et al, 2012). However, the presence of a BChE-like acyl pocket in a putative BChE from the cartilaginous fish Callorhinchus milii, and an acyl pocket resembling either the protostome pocket or a pocket intermediate to craniate AChE and BChE in the atypical BChE of the bony fish Oryzias latipes (Pezzementi et al, 2012), potentially confounds this interpretation.…”

“…SigmaPlot was then used to fit the data to a three-parameter logistic function, yielding IC 50 values. Since we were just interested in classical differential diagnostic inhibition and not a detailed pharmacological analysis, it was not necessary to determine k i , or K I and αK I (Silver, 1974;Sanders et al, 1996).…”

The Peripheral Anionic Site of Acetylcholinesterase: Structure, Functions and Potential Role in Rational Drug Design

“…Hagfish AChE exhibits much weaker inhibition by both propidium and BW284c51 [36]. Fasciculin 2 shows relatively weak inhibition of avian, reptile and insect AChEs [37].…”