Biochemical and Practical Views of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus‐Host Association in Horticultural Crops

Koltai, Hinanit; Gadkar, Vijay; Kapulnik, Yoram

doi:10.1002/9780470527238.ch5

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 142 publications

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“…Row crop farmers can adopt a variety of management practices to improve the health and functioning of the indigenous AM fungus community (Douds and Seidel 2013). Vegetable farmers who grow their own seedlings for later outplanting to the field can efficiently mix AM fungus inoculum into potting media for the production of seedlings ready to take advantage of the symbiosis (Koltai et al 2010;Ortas 2012). Inocula of AM fungi are available commercially in a variety of forms and are produced through a variety of methods (Ijdo et al 2011).…”

Section: Please Scroll Down For Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Pelletized Biochar as a Carrier for AM Fungi in the On-Farm System of Inoculum Production in Compost and Vermiculite Mixtures

Douds

Lee

Uknalis

et al. 2014

Compost Science & Utilization

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On farm production of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi is suitable for vegetable and horticultural crop production because the inocula may be efficiently mixed into horticultural potting media for plant production in the greenhouse. These inocula are not amenable for use in row crop production because they are not in a form suitable for mechanical application. Experiments were conducted in which light expanded clay aggregates (LECA) and pelletized biochar were used in the media for the on-farm production of AM fungus inoculum utilizing compost and vermiculite with Paspalum notatum Flugge as the nurse host plant. Subsequent colonization assays using P. notatum failed to detect any infectivity of LECA granules, indicating that the AM fungi did not infest the granules. However, as little as 0.1 g fresh wt of biochar was sufficient to produce colonization of test plants. Biochar pellets recovered from the on-farm system used to propagate Rhizophagus intraradices exhibited 24 propagules g ¡1 fresh wt. These results indicate the promise of pelletized biochar as a carrier for AM fungi in inoculum production systems.

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Section: Please Scroll Down For Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Pelletized Biochar as a Carrier for AM Fungi in the On-Farm System of Inoculum Production in Compost and Vermiculite Mixtures

Douds

Lee

Uknalis

et al. 2014

Compost Science & Utilization

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“…Strigolactones have also been suggested to be inducers of hyphal branching and of mitochondrial metabolism and mitotic activity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF; Akiyama et al , 2005; Akiyama and Hayashi, 2006; Besserer et al , 2006, 2008; Gomez-Roldan et al , 2008; Yoneyama et al , 2008); AMF are soil micro-organisms that establish mutual symbioses with higher plants and promote plant growth under suboptimal growth conditions (reviewed by Koltai et al , 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A tomato strigolactone-impaired mutant displays aberrant shoot morphology and plant interactions

Koltai

Lekkala

Bhattacharya

et al. 2010

Journal of Experimental Botany

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132

103

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Strigolactones are considered a new group of plant hormones. Their role as modulators of plant growth and signalling molecules for plant interactions first became evident in Arabidopsis, pea, and rice mutants that were flawed in strigolactone production, release, or perception. The first evidence in tomato (Solanum lycopersicon) of strigolactone deficiency is presented here. Sl-ORT1, previously identified as resistant to the parasitic plant Orobanche, had lower levels of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (Glomus intraradices) colonization, possibly as a result of its reduced ability to induce mycorrhizal hyphal branching. Biochemical analysis of mutant root extracts suggested that it produces only minute amounts of two of the tomato strigolactones: solanacol and didehydro-orobanchol. Accordingly, the transcription level of a key enzyme (CCD7) putatively involved in strigolactone synthesis in tomato was reduced in Sl-ORT1 compared with the wild type (WT). Sl-ORT1 shoots exhibited increased lateral shoot branching, whereas exogenous application of the synthetic strigolactone GR24 to the mutant restored the WT phenotype by reducing the number of lateral branches. Reduced lateral shoot branching was also evident in grafted plants which included a WT interstock, which was grafted between the mutant rootstock and the scion. In roots of these grafted plants, the CCD7 transcription level was not significantly induced, nor was mycorrhizal sensitivity restored. Hence, WT-interstock grafting, which restores mutant shoot morphology to WT, does not restore mutant root properties to WT. Characterization of the first tomato strigolactone-deficient mutant supports the putative general role of strigolactones as messengers of suppression of lateral shoot branching in a diversity of plant species.

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“…Vegetable farmers and other growers who produce seedlings for later outplanting to the field can inoculate plants with effective isolates of AM fungi (Ortas, 2012). Inocula mixed into horticultural potting media produce colonized seedlings ready to take advantage of the symbiosis immediately upon outplanting, rather than experience a lag before colonization by the AM fungi indigenous to the field (Waterer and Coltman, 1989;Koide et al, 1999;Koltai et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Adoption of farm management practices that enhance the functioning of the AM fungus community indigenous to the soil is the primary option available to row crop farmers (Koltai et al, 2010;Smith and Smith, 2011;Ortas, 2012). Vegetable farmers and other growers who produce seedlings for later outplanting to the field can inoculate plants with effective isolates of AM fungi (Ortas, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of inoculum of AM fungi produced on-farm increases the yield of Solanum lycopersicum: A summary of 7 years of field trials on a conventional vegetable farm with high soil phosphorus

Douds

Lee

McKeever

et al. 2016

Scientia Horticulturae

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a b s t r a c tAdding arbuscular mycorrhizal [AM] fungus inoculum to potting media enables vegetable farmers to better take advantage of the AM symbiosis. On-farm production of AM fungus inoculum is a viable alternative to commercially-available inocula. We conducted a seven year experiment at a conventional vegetable farm in southeastern Pennsylvania with high soil available P typical of the Mid-Atlantic region of the USA (210 mg kg −1 soil). Seedlings of three to seven cultivars of Solanum lycopersicum L. were inoculated in the greenhouse phase of production with a mixed species inoculum of AM fungi produced on-farm. Performance of the inoculation treatment was evaluated based on growth response in the greenhouse and fruit production in the field compared to uninoculated controls. Colonization levels were typically only 1-10% of root length at the time of outplanting. The mean mycorrhizal growth dependency based upon shoot growth at the time of outplanting was significant at 12.5 ± 3.55% (␣= 0.05). In addition, the mean mycorrhizal yield response over the seven year experiment was significant at 6.02 ± 1.92% (␣= 0.05). Routine use of AM fungus inoculum produced on-farm provided a modest but significant increase in yield of tomato fruit with minimal change in farm management even in a high P soil.Published by Elsevier B.V.

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Biochemical and Practical Views of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus‐Host Association in Horticultural Crops

Cited by 12 publications

References 142 publications

Pelletized Biochar as a Carrier for AM Fungi in the On-Farm System of Inoculum Production in Compost and Vermiculite Mixtures

Pelletized Biochar as a Carrier for AM Fungi in the On-Farm System of Inoculum Production in Compost and Vermiculite Mixtures

A tomato strigolactone-impaired mutant displays aberrant shoot morphology and plant interactions

Utilization of inoculum of AM fungi produced on-farm increases the yield of Solanum lycopersicum: A summary of 7 years of field trials on a conventional vegetable farm with high soil phosphorus

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