Biochemical and Toxicological Investigations Related to OP Compounds

Swaminathan, R.; Widdop, B.

doi:10.1142/9781848161443_0015

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…The clinical effects are secondary to ACh excess at cholinergic junctions (muscarinic effects), in the central nervous system, at the skeletal neuromuscular junction, and at autonomic ganglia (nicotinic effects). AChE is also found in RBCs, lung and spleen 17 and the measurement of AChE activity in RBCs is used to monitor occupational exposure to OP. 18 RBC AChE levels, as measured in this study, is the best way to evaluate toxicity of OP pesticides.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-level exposure to organophosphate pesticides leads to restrictive lung dysfunction

Peiris‐John

Ruberu

Wickremasinghe

et al. 2005

Respiratory Medicine

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Apart from symptomology, there are very few reports on lung function following exposure to low levels of organophosphate (OP) pesticides in man. Twenty-five occupationally exposed farmers and 22 environmentally exposed freshwater fishermen were evaluated between and during OP spray seasons. Forty marine fishermen living away from agricultural areas were recruited as a control group. Forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV(1)) were measured by spirometry. Haemoglobin corrected erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (AChE) levels were measured during and between (baseline estimation) spray seasons using a portable WHO-approved Test-mate system (EQM Research, Ohio). FVC ratio was lower in the farmers as compared to the controls (P<0.001) between exposure seasons. In the farmers, FVC ratio decreased further during the exposure season (P=0.023). FEV(1) was lower in the farmers as compared to the controls in both periods (P<0.05). In the fishermen, the decrease in ratios of FVC and FEV(1) following exposure to pesticides was not significant. FEV(1)/FVC ratios were similar in the three groups between (P=0.988) and during (P=0.159) exposure periods. Following exposure to OPs, AChE levels dropped 12.75% in the farmers (P<0.001) and 5.62% in the freshwater fishermen (P=0.001). Occupational exposure to OP results in restrictive lung dysfunction, a phenomenon not observed following environmental exposure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-level exposure to organophosphate pesticides leads to restrictive lung dysfunction

Peiris‐John

Ruberu

Wickremasinghe

et al. 2005

Respiratory Medicine

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“…The physiological function of BChE is unknown (31), but it is established that BchE hydrolyzes suxamethonium (succinylcholine), and for this reason it is of interest to anesthesiologists as well. Postulated functions of BChE include its role in transmission of slow nerve impulses, lipid metabolism, choline homeostasis, permeability of membranes, protection of the fetus from toxic compounds, and degradation of acetylcholine and in tumorneogenesis (32).…”

Section: Postmortem Biochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Agrochemical Poisoning

Aggrawal

2006

Forensic Pathology Reviews

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“…There are many causes of decreased activity of cholinesterases that are not related to exposure to anticholinesterases: genetic, physiological (age, gender, pregnancy, etc. ), iatrogenic (therapeutic agents), disease states, exposure to smoke fumes and, in some instances, of uncertain origin [10][11][12]. There are suggestions that dietary factors can influence cholinesterase concentrations.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%