Biochemical Aspects of Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Diabetes is a heterogeneous syndrome, characterized by a complex disorder in the regulation of the body's energy metabolism, which affects the use of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins, as well as other metabolisms. These alterations result from an insulin-secreting defect associated with variable peripheral insulin resistance. The biochemical changes that these two disorders cause lead to functional cellular changes followed by irreversible anatomical lesions in many tissues and organs. Diabetes is the most common disease of the endocrine system and is triggered when the amount of insulin secreted in the body is not optimal or when peripheral cells do not respond to its action (insulin is a hormone that participates in lowering blood glucose). This condition causes disorders of the entire metabolism and, over time, can affect the functioning of various organs in the body

Prophylactic and Antidiabetic Effect of Andrographis paniculata and its Combination with Allium sativum on Blood Glucose Level and some Biochemical Indices in Wistar Rats

“…The occurrence of Diabetes mellitus comes with many complications like diabetic peripheral neuropathy (nerve damage), diabetic retinopathy (most common blindness among working-age individuals, diabetic nephropathy (kidney disease) [3]. Complications associated with diabetes is said to be the seventh leading cause of death worldwide [3] ; In 2012, 1.5 million deaths were recorded worldwide as a result of the micro and macro vascular complications of diabetes and of which about 50 % of these death were due to stroke which is a major and common complications of diabetes [4]. The World Health Organization (WHO) noted in 2016 that "the occurrence of diabetes rose faster in low and middle income countries over the past decade with Nigeria currently having the highest incidence of diabetes in sub-Saharan Africa".…”