Biochemical changes in blood and tissues of Wistar rats following administration of anti-tuberculosis drugs

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health problem worldwide especially in resource-limited countries of Africa and Asia. The disease is curable with drugs but information on biochemical changes and oxidative indices due to anti-TB drugs is not readily available. This study was designed to investigate in vivo effects of anti-TB drugs in male Wistar rats. Fourteen adult male rats were randomly divided into two groups of seven animals each. The first group served as the control and was given normal saline while the second group received isoniazid (INH), rifampicin (RIF), pyrazinamide (PZA) and ethambutol (ETB) in combination. The drugs were dissolved in normal saline and therapeutic doses [INH (5 mg/kg), RIF (10 mg/kg), PZA (15 mg/kg) and ETB (15 mg/kg)] were given by oral gavage thrice in a week for eight consecutive weeks. Estimation of serum enzymes and other biochemical parameters were assayed by standard methods. Results indicate that there was an insignificant increase in final body weight of anti-TB treated animals relative to the control (p>0.05). In addition, there were significant decrease in renal and cardiac glutathione-s-transferase activities in the treated group relative to the control (p<0.05) while hepatic glutathione peroxidase activity was significantly reduced in treated group when compared with the control (p<0.05). Furthermore, triglyceride level was significantly increased in the treated group (p<0.05). Liver marker enzymes (aspartate and alanine transaminases), renal and cardiac catalase and superoxide dismutase activities and urea levels were insignificantly increased in treated animals relative to the control (p>0.05). These findings suggest that anti-TB drugs induce redox imbalance resulting in the depletion of enzymatic antioxidant parameters in rats.

Effect of A Standard Anti-Tuberculosis Regimen on Hematological Parameters and Serum Protein Level in Male Wistar RATS

“…Typically, the standard anti-TB therapy lasts for six (6) months (Jain et al, 2008) and is divided into two phases (lines) of treatment. The initial treatment of TB with first-line anti-TB medications (rifampicin, isoniazid, ethambutol and pyrazinamide) is to render cases non-infectious and halt cycle of transmission in the community (Ning et al, 2015) and it lasts for two (2) months. Then during the final four (4) months, they continue with rifampin and isoniazid (Zumla et al, 2013).…”