Biochemical characterisation of α-amylase in two aphid species, Aphis fabae Scopoli (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and A. gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

Darvishzadeh, Ali; Bandani, Alireza; Mousavi, S. Q.

doi:10.17221/71/2012-pps

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…It is tempting to link this deficiency to their specific, specialized feeding habits. However, amylase activity was detected in some aphids, 63 although the genes were not identified, and a purely bloodsucking bug like Rhodnius prolixus does have an amylase gene. Nonetheless, exaptation of such an enzyme to another function linked to hematophagy is a possibility, because in this species an α-glucosidase was recruited for hemozoin formation from the heme of hemoglobin.…”

Section: A Multigene Family In Insectsmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Amylases of Insects

Lage

2018

Int J�Insect�Sci

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Alpha-amylases are major digestive enzymes that act in the first step of maltopolysaccharide digestion. In insects, these enzymes have long been studied for applied as well as purely scientific purposes. In many species, amylases are produced by multiple gene copies. Rare species are devoid of Amy gene. They are predominantly secreted in the midgut but salivary expression is also frequent, with extraoral activity. Enzymological parameters are quite variable among insects, with visible trends according to phylogeny: Coleopteran amylases have acidic optimum activity, whereas dipteran amylases have neutral preference and lepidopteran ones have clear alkaline preference. The enzyme structure shows interesting variations shaped by evolutionary convergences, such as the recurrent loss of a loop involved in substrate handling. Many works have focused on the action of plant amylase inhibitors on pest insect amylases, in the frame of crop protection by transgenesis. It appears that sensitivity or resistance to inhibitors is finely tuned and very specific and that amylases and their inhibitors have coevolved. The multicopy feature of insect amylases appears to allow tissue-specific or stage-specific regulation, but also to broaden enzymological abilities, such as pH range, and to overcome plant inhibitory defenses.

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Section: A Multigene Family In Insectsmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Amylases of Insects

Lage

2018

Int J�Insect�Sci

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“…The supernatant from the centrifugation of the homogenate at 5000 rpm for 15 min (Remi RM 12C, Delhi, India) was used as an enzyme source (ES). The levels of detoxification enzymes like esterase [ 85 ]; lactase dehydrogenase [ 86 ]; and digestive enzymes like amylase [ 87 ], invertase [ 88 ], glycosidase and protease [ 89 ], lipase [ 90 ], and acid phosphatase [ 91 ] were quantified using standard procedures. Five replications were performed separately for each enzyme.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insecticidal Activity of Tannins from Selected Brown Macroalgae against the Cotton Leafhopper Amrasca devastans

Petchidurai,

Sahayaraj,

Al-Shuraym

et al. 2023

Plants

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Seaweeds, also known as marine macroalgae, are renewable biological resources that are found worldwide and possess a wide variety of secondary metabolites, including tannins. Drifted brown seaweed (DBSW) is particularly rich in tannins and is regarded as biological trash. The cotton leaf hopper Amrasca devastans (Distant) has caused both quantitative and qualitative losses in cotton production. Drifted brown seaweeds (DBSWs) were used in this study to extract, qualitatively profile, and quantify the levels of total tannins, condensed tannins, hydrolyzable tannins, and phlorotannins in the seaweeds; test their insecticidal activity; and determine the mechanism of action. The largest amount of tannin extract was found in Sargassum wightii Greville (20.62%) using the Soxhlet method (SM). Significantly higher amounts of hydrolyzable tannins (p = 0.005), soluble phlorotannins (p = 0.005), total tannins in the SM (p = 0.003), and total tannins in the cold percolation method (p = 0.005) were recorded in S. wightii. However, high levels of condensed tannins (CTAs) were observed in Turbinaria ornata (Turner) J. Agardh (p = 0.004). A. devastans nymphs and adults were examined for oral toxicity (OT) and contact toxicity (CT) against DBSW tannin crude extract and column chromatographic fractions 1 (Rf = 0.86) and 2 (Rf = 0.88). Stoechospermum polypodioides (J.V. Lamouroux) J. Agardh crude tannin was highly effective against A. devastans using the OT method (LC50, 0.044%) when compared with the standard gallic acid (LC50, 0.044%) and tannic acid (LC50, 0.122%). Similarly, S. wightii fraction 2 (LC50, 0.007%) showed a greater insecticidal effect against A. devastans adults in OT than gallic acid (LC50, 0.034%) and tannic acid (LC50, 0.022%). The mechanism of action results show that A. devastans adults treated with crude tannin of T. ornata had significantly decreased amylase, protease (p = 0.005), and invertase (p = 0.003) levels when compared with the detoxification enzymes. The levels of glycosidase, lactate dehydrogenase, esterase, lipase, invertase, and acid phosphate activities (p = 0.005) of S. wightii were reduced when compared with those of the Vijayneem and chemical pesticide Monocrotophos. In adult insects treated with LC50 concentrations of S. wightii tannin fraction 1, the total body protein (9.00 µg/µL) was significantly reduced (OT, LC50—0.019%). The SDS-PAGE analysis results also show that S. wightii tannin fraction 1 (OT and CT), fraction 2 (OT), and S. polypodioides fraction 2 (CT) had a significant effect on the total body portion level, appearance, and disappearance of some proteins and polypeptides. This study shows that the selected brown macroalgae can be utilized for the safer management of cotton leaf hoppers.

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“…The salivary glands of aphid host a wide range of enzymes such as amylases, pectinases, cellulases, and proteases that promote its adaptive features on host plants (Cooper, Dillwith, & Puterka, 2010). The salivary secretions produced during the feeding of aphids on a plant may help in degrading the plant cell wall to facilitate penetration of the stylet or proboscis, digestion of phloem nutrients like carbohydrates and breakdown or detoxification of defensive compounds (polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase, and oxidoreductase) produced by plants (Van Bel & Will, 2016; Boulain et al., 2018; Cooper, Dillwith, & Puterka, 2011; Darvishzadeh, Bandani, & Mousavi, 2014). Mutti et al.…”

Section: Rnai‐based Approach For Insect Vector Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%