Biochemical Characterization of Compatible Plant Virus Interaction: A Case Study with Bunchy Top Virus-Banana Host-Pathosystem

Abstract

A B S T R A C TVirus infection can result in the alteration of physiological, biochemical and metabolic processes within plants leading to symptom development. Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV) is one of the most destructive viral diseases in Tropical Asia, Pacific Indian Oceania (PIO) regions and Africa leading to 100% yield loss in banana and plantains. Though molecular characterization and their diversity were studied in depth in recent years, information on physiological and biochemical changes during banana-BBTV interaction is still not convincingly explained. Therefore, the present investigation was conducted to find out the quantifiable changes in physiological and biochemical parameters such as proteins, pigment and carbohydrate content, phenolic compounds, polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in leaves of banana cultivars Grand Nain (AAA) and Virupakshi (AAB). The amount of carbohydrate contents, phenolic compounds, PPO, POX, APX, GPX, CAT were significantly higher in BBTV infected leaves of both the cultivars over the healthy, whereas total protein content, pigments and SOD activity showed an opposite trend. Overall the results suggest that BBTV infection induces significant changes in enzyme levels leading to irreversible symptom development. Further studies would lead to identification of biochemical markers for studying plant-virus compatible and incompatible interactions.

AMMI and GGE Analyses of Soyabean (Glycine max L. Merrill) Genotypes Infected and Uninfected with Cucumber mosaic virus

“…The infected genotypes did not attain maximum potentials particularly seed weight owing to impairment of the growth structures. This agrees with the findings of [33] who reported that various biochemical and physiological processes were compromised in Bunchy top virus-banana hostpathosystem. Viruses are obligate parasites that utilise their host resources including ribosomes and mitochondria for self-replication and establishment.…”

Differential Biochemical Response among Banana (Musa spp.) Genotypes against Banana Bunchy Top Virus (BBTV)

“…Our study suggests that sugars increase during BBTV infection may control photo inhibitory processes and produce symptoms. The Anuradha et al [21] was similar to the findings of our study where changes in the sugar and starch content were the same in all the banana cultivars viz., Virupakshi, Grand Naine and Rasthali. Viruses lter both their rate of synthesis and rate of translocation and have little effect on carbohydrates which affects the overall growth of…”

“…6). In an earlier report, a similar increase in the activity of POX was observed in Virupakshi and Grand Naine cultivar [21]. The peroxidases ar whose primary function is to oxidize hydrogen donors at the expense of peroxides which is known to be involved in oxidative damage in response to stress to the plant.…”

“…Upon BBTV infection, Rasthali showed increased SOD activity, whereas, Grand Naine showed decrease in SOD activity. In contrast, early reports showed an increase in SOD activity upon BBTV infection in Grand Naine [21]. SOD constitutes the frontline of defense against ROS and oxidative stress in plant cells and also is one of the important scavenging enzymes.…”

“…6). Higher total soluble phenols, together with higher PPO have been demonstrated to play a role in resistance to viral pathogens [12,21]. Polyphenol oxidase is involved in the formation of insoluble polyphenols in plants by the oxidation of soluble phenols.…”