Biochemical characterization of early and late bud flushing in common ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.)

Jouve, Laurent; Jacques, Dominique; Douglas, G. C.; Hoffmann, Lucien; Hausman, Jean-François

doi:10.1016/j.plantsci.2007.02.008

Cited by 37 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Later flushing varieties also showed reduced levels of putrescine (which is considered to confer stress tolerance) and increased levels of carbohydrates such as mannitol, sucrose, trehalose and raffinose, possibly for increased drought tolerance (Jouve et al . ) .…”

Section: Phenologymentioning

confidence: 97%

Biological Flora of the British Isles:Fraxinus excelsior

Thomas

2016

Journal of Ecology

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Summary1. This account presents information on all aspects of the biology of Fraxinus excelsior L. (Ash) that are relevant to understanding its ecological characteristics and behaviour. The main topics are presented within the standard framework of the Biological Flora of the British Isles: distribution, habitat, communities, responses to biotic factors, responses to environment, structure and physiology, phenology, floral and seed characters, herbivores and disease, history, and conservation. 2. Fraxinus excelsior is a large forest tree, native throughout the main islands of Britain and much of mainland Europe. Seedlings are shade tolerant, but adults are not so it tends to be an intermediate successional species, invading gaps in mixed stands rather than forming extensive pure stands. Ash grows on a wide range of soils but is commonest on nutrient-rich soils with a high base status and pH > 4.2, and is at its best on dry calcareous screes and fertile alluvial soils. 3. Fraxinus excelsior is trioecious or subdioecious with male, hermaphrodite and female flowers and trees. Seed production is prolific with periodic higher producing mast years. Seeds are primarily wind-dispersed, but they can float and be moved considerable distances along waterways. Germination is delayed by dormancy until usually the second spring after being shed. 4. Ash is tolerant of drought, but intolerant of spring frosts and so is predicted to fare well under current climate change scenarios, and indeed has recently been expanding in range in Europe. However, ash health and survival is currently seriously compromised by ash dieback caused by the fungus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus (Chalara fraxinea) that has the potential to kill all but a very few resistant trees. Moreover, the emerald ash borer beetle Agrilus planipennis, a serious pest of ash species in N. America, has reached Europe (though not yet the British Isles) and poses an equally if not more serious long-term threat to ash.

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Section: Phenologymentioning

confidence: 97%

Biological Flora of the British Isles:Fraxinus excelsior

Thomas

2016

Journal of Ecology

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“…Due to the small size of the island, atmospheric and soil salinity is relatively high (PAP/RAC, 2005; Vella, 2001), hence leading to higher conductivity values in the final product. This is reflected in the accumulation of proline due to increased stress caused by salinity (Jouve, Hoffmann, & Hausman, 2004).…”

Section: Electrical Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Physicochemical characterization of Gozitan Honey

Attard

Mizzi

2013

Int. J. Food Stud.

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Honey quality is clearly defined in the EU Directive 2001/110/EC, and by Codex Alimentarius (Codex Stan 12-1981) and the International Honey Commission (International Honey Commission, 2002). Our investigation aimed to characterize the physicochemical properties of honey produced on a small island, Gozo which is situated near Malta. Ten randomly collected honey samples were analysed for moisture content, pH, free acidity, water insoluble content, hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) content and total phenolic compounds. Moisture content, pH, free acidity, water insoluble content, and HMF content were within the range specified in standards but the electrical conductivity was generally higher than 0.800 mS cm −1 . This may be the result of the relatively high atmospheric and soil salinity on this small island. All the samples analysed were within the 40 mg kg −1 HMF limit, which is an indicator of honey quality. The total phenolic compounds, which represent some of the constituents derived from the nectar and pollen obtained during foraging, ranged between 236.555 and 294.209 GAE kg −1 honey. Principal Component Analysis showed the properties of polyfloral honey samples obtained from the southern part of the island to be different from those obtained from the northern part.

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“…The breaking of winter dormancy in spring includes a higher efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry to enable plants to rapidly benefit from the improving growth conditions (Adams et al 2002, Starr and Oberbauer 2003). Bud development in vegetative buds during spring is generally associated with rehydration and mobilization of carbohydrates, increasing respiration rates and associated peroxidation (de Faÿ et al 2000, Jouve et al 2007). Similar metabolic and phenological changes may be expected to occur if such development is initiated by extreme winter warming.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bud swelling was measured as an indicator of spring‐like development. We also measured bud carbohydrates as an indicator of spring‐like bud development because carbohydrates are known to show large concentration shifts during spring development (Jouve et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of extreme winter warming events on plant physiology in a sub-Arctic heath community

Bokhorst

Bjerke

Davey

et al. 2010

Physiologia Plantarum

101

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Insulation provided by snow cover and tolerance of freezing by physiological acclimation allows Arctic plants to survive cold winter temperatures. However, both the protection mechanisms may be lost with winter climate change, especially during extreme winter warming events where loss of snow cover from snow melt results in exposure of plants to warm temperatures and then returning extreme cold in the absence of insulating snow. These events cause considerable damage to Arctic plants, but physiological responses behind such damage remain unknown. Here, we report simulations of extreme winter warming events using infrared heating lamps and soil warming cables in a sub-Arctic heathland. During these events, we measured maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (PSII), photosynthesis, respiration, bud swelling and associated bud carbohydrate changes and lipid peroxidation to identify physiological responses during and after the winter warming events in three dwarf shrub species: Empetrum hermaphroditum, Vaccinium vitis-idaea and Vaccinium myrtillus. Winter warming increased maximum quantum yield of PSII, and photosynthesis was initiated for E. hermaphroditum and V. vitis-idaea. Bud swelling, bud carbohydrate decreases and lipid peroxidation were largest for E. hermaphroditum, whereas V. myrtillus and V. vitis-idaea showed no or less strong responses. Increased physiological activity and bud swelling suggest that sub-Arctic plants can initiate spring-like development in response to a short winter warming event. Lipid peroxidation suggests that plants experience increased winter stress. The observed differences between species in physiological responses are broadly consistent with interspecific differences in damage seen in previous studies, with E. hermaphroditum and V. myrtillus tending to be most sensitive. This suggests that initiation of spring-like development may be a major driver in the damage caused by winter warming events that are predicted to become more frequent in some regions of the Arctic and that may ultimately drive plant community shifts.

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Biochemical characterization of early and late bud flushing in common ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.)

Cited by 37 publications

References 40 publications

Biological Flora of the British Isles:Fraxinus excelsior

Biological Flora of the British Isles:Fraxinus excelsior

Physicochemical characterization of Gozitan Honey

Impacts of extreme winter warming events on plant physiology in a sub-Arctic heath community

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