Biochemical comparison of venoms from young Colombian Crotalus durissus cumanensis and their parents

Céspedes, Nora; Castro, Fernando; Jimenez, Eucarys; Montealegre, L; Castellanos, Areli Durón; Cañas, CA; Arévalo‐Herrera, Myriam; Herrera, Sócrates

doi:10.1590/s1678-91992010000200009

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Previously, Cespedes et al reported an LD 50 for the venom of C. d. cumanensis of 47 µg/kg for females and 41 µg/kg for juveniles. These results are consistent with those described in this study; however, the males were shown to be less lethal [ 33 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Characterization of the Venom of C. d. cumanesis of Colombia: Proteomic Analysis and Antivenomic Study

Castillo

Vargas

Segura

et al. 2018

Toxins

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The Colombian rattlesnake Crotalus durissus cumanensis is distributed in three geographic zones of the country: the Atlantic Coast, the upper valley of the Magdalena River, and the eastern plains of the Colombian Orinoquía. Its venom induces neurological symptoms, such as eyelid ptosis, myasthenic facies, and paralysis of the respiratory muscles, which can lead to death. Identification and analysis of C. d. cumanensis showed nine groups of proteins responsible for the neurotoxic effect, of which the crotoxin complex was the most abundant (64.71%). Immunorecognition tests of C. d. cumanensis showed that the use of a commercial antivenom manufactured in Mexico resulted in immunoreactivity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Characterization of the Venom of C. d. cumanesis of Colombia: Proteomic Analysis and Antivenomic Study

Castillo

Vargas

Segura

et al. 2018

Toxins

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“…Pre-incubation of venoms with SVSPs inhibitor (PMSF) completely inhibited the coagulant activity of venoms, indicating that this activity is mediated solely by SVSPs. Similar results has been reported in species such as C. durissus cumanensis [18] and C. d. terrificus [75] where venoms from neonate or juvenile snakes had MCD-P lower (more coagulant) than venoms of adult snakes. These results suggest that fibrinogenases are responsible for activity in C. m. nigrescens venoms breaking both α- and β-chains of fibrinogen, while TL-SVSPs would be responsible of the activity in venoms with affinity only for the α-chain of fibrinogen.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…In general, more toxic and procoagulant venoms have been detected in newborn or juvenile snakes compared to adults [16,17,18,19,20,21,22]. These ontogenetic differences in biological activities of venoms could be reflected in different clinical manifestations in people bitten by newborn, juvenile or adult snakes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ontogenetic Change in the Venom of Mexican Black-Tailed Rattlesnakes (Crotalus molossus nigrescens)

Borja

Neri-Castro

Pérez‐Morales

et al. 2018

Toxins

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Ontogenetic changes in venom composition have important ecological implications due the relevance of venom in prey acquisition and defense. Additionally, intraspecific venom variation has direct medical consequences for the treatment of snakebite. However, ontogenetic changes are not well documented in most species. The Mexican Black-tailed Rattlesnake (Crotalus molossus nigrescens) is large-bodied and broadly distributed in Mexico. To document venom variation and test for ontogenetic changes in venom composition, we obtained venom samples from twenty-seven C. m. nigrescens with different total body lengths (TBL) from eight states in Mexico. The primary components in the venom were detected by reverse-phase HPLC, western blot, and mass spectrometry. In addition, we evaluated the biochemical (proteolytic, coagulant and fibrinogenolytic activities) and biological (LD50 and hemorrhagic activity) activities of the venoms. Finally, we tested for recognition and neutralization of Mexican antivenoms against venoms of juvenile and adult snakes. We detected clear ontogenetic venom variation in C. m. nigrescens. Venoms from younger snakes contained more crotamine-like myotoxins and snake venom serine proteinases than venoms from older snakes; however, an increase of snake venom metalloproteinases was detected in venoms of larger snakes. Venoms from juvenile snakes were, in general, more toxic and procoagulant than venoms from adults; however, adult venoms were more proteolytic. Most of the venoms analyzed were hemorrhagic. Importantly, Mexican antivenoms had difficulties recognizing low molecular mass proteins (<12 kDa) of venoms from both juvenile and adult snakes. The antivenoms did not neutralize the crotamine effect caused by the venom of juveniles. Thus, we suggest that Mexican antivenoms would have difficulty neutralizing some human envenomations and, therefore, it may be necessary improve the immunization mixture in Mexican antivenoms to account for low molecular mass proteins, like myotoxins.

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“…Based on these results of the present study, we can suggest that CDCmV must contain several different toxins that could act either individually or synergistically. It is important to highlight that the ontogenic and paedomorphic variations in venom composition of Crotalus durissus subspecies, including C. d. cumanensis, are considerable and may cause important variations in the biological effects of individual venoms (40,41).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Renal and vascular effects of Crotalus durissus cumanensis venom and its crotoxin fraction

Pereira¹,

Menezes²,

Torres³

et al. 2011

J. Venom. Anim. Toxins incl. Trop. Dis

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Abstract:In this study, we evaluated the actions of Crotalus durissus cumanensis venom (CDCmV), and its crotoxin (Crtx) fraction, on renal and vascular functions in Wistar rats. In isolated perfused kidneys, CDCmV (10 µg/mL) significantly increased the perfusion pressure (PP) from 110.7 ± 2.4 to 125.3 ± 2.8 mmHg after 30 minutes. This effect was accompanied by an increased renal vascular resistance (RVR) from 5.4 ± 0.1 to 6.2 ± 0.2 mmHg/mL.g ). Both CDCmV and Crtx reduced the percentage of tubular transport of sodium, chloride and potassium. The cytotoxicity of these substances against MDCK cells was tested by the MTT method: only CDCmV caused a decrease in the cell viability with an IC 50 of 5.4 µg/mL. In endothelium-intact isolated aortic rings, CDCmV (0.1 to 30 µg/mL) increased the sustained phenylephrineinduced contraction to a value of 130.0 ± 6.6% of its corresponding control, but showed a relaxant effect in endothelium-denuded preparations. Similar results were observed in aortic rings contracted with potassium (40 mM). Crtx was ineffective in aortic ring assays. Thus, it is reasonable to suggest that the renal effects induced by the CDCmV may be due to its influence on the endothelium's ability to release factors that can alter the contractile behavior of vascular smooth muscle. In conclusion, CDCmV is toxic to kidney cells. It changes parameters of the renal function including the glomerular filtration rate, renal vascular resistance and tubular transport. The actions induced by CDCmV also involve endothelium-dependent vasoactive properties. Their effects may be only partially attributed to Crtx.

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Biochemical comparison of venoms from young Colombian Crotalus durissus cumanensis and their parents

Cited by 12 publications

References 20 publications

Characterization of the Venom of C. d. cumanesis of Colombia: Proteomic Analysis and Antivenomic Study

Characterization of the Venom of C. d. cumanesis of Colombia: Proteomic Analysis and Antivenomic Study

Ontogenetic Change in the Venom of Mexican Black-Tailed Rattlesnakes (Crotalus molossus nigrescens)

Renal and vascular effects of Crotalus durissus cumanensis venom and its crotoxin fraction

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