Biochemical composition and energy content of six species of phytoplankton used in mariculture of bivalves

Whyte, J. N. C.

doi:10.1016/0044-8486(87)90290-0

Cited by 269 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Ginsburger-Vogel et al (1992) associated the presence of lipid droplets with a higher tolerance of freezing in gametophytes of the kelp Undaria pinnatifida. The fact that ageing of cultures of Tetraselmis does not lead to lipid accumulation (Whyte, 1987;Femindez-Reiriz et al, 1989) is in agreement with our results for T. chuii, supporting the hypothesis that lipids enhance cryotolerance. In C. gracilis lipid accumulation was not described for the stationary phase by Femindez-Reiriz et al (1989).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Effects of culture age on cryopreservation of marine microalgae

Cañavate

Lubián

1997

European Journal of Phycology

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The effects of culture age (3, 7 and 14 days) on viability after cryopreservation of five marine microalgae were studied. Higher viability levels were generally found in older cultures, particularly when conditions of cryoprotectant concentration and salinity were not optimal. These differences decreased or disappeared when the algae were cryopreserved under optimal conditions, except for Rhodomonas baltica. Its cryopreservation using 15% dimethylsulphoxide in medium of 20%o salinity (optimal conditions) showed 451+1-3%, 424±133% and 350±13-7% viability respectively for cells from 3-, 7-and 14-day-old cultures. For the same culture ages, the viability of Chaetoceros gracilis was 257±7'7%, 2814-9% and 360±4-6%. This diatom could be recovered from -196°C without the use of any cryoprotectant only when cells were collected from 14-day-old cultures (mean viability of 31±3-7%). The cryopreservation of Tetraselmis chuii was relatively unaffected by culture age and was very close to 100% under optimum cryoprotedant concentration and salinity. Only in the absence of cryoprotectant were cells from the exponential phase (3 days) found to be more sensitive to cryopreservation (average viability 222±5-5%) than were cells from older cultures (372±149% and 42±126% for cells from 7-and 14-day-old cultures respectively). A lower resistance to cryopreservation was found in 3-day-old cultures of Nannochloris atomus (830±110%) in comparison with older cultures (100±78% and 949-±89% for 7-and 14-day-old cultures). The main increase in the viability of this alga with age was found in the absence of cryoprotectant and using a suboptimum salinity of 20%o. Three-day-old cultures of Nannochloropsis gaditana completely failed to recover after freezing under all conditions tested. Cells from 7-and 14-day-old cultures achieved mean viabilities of c. 67%.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Effects of culture age on cryopreservation of marine microalgae

Cañavate

Lubián

1997

European Journal of Phycology

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“…Although cellular lipid concentrations in C. simplex cells in this study were found to be elevated (~10%) in the sea-ice treatment (see Sackett et al (2013)), increased lipid concentrations were associated with a substantial drop (450%) in protein content (Figure 4). Although protein biomass embodies approximately half the caloric value of (Whyte, 1987), it is likely to be that there was a net reduction in energy content of the biomass in the sea-ice-treated cells. The relationship between macromolecular composition and energy content in sea-ice algae thus deserves further investigation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Snapshot prediction of carbon productivity, carbon and protein content in a Southern Ocean diatom using FTIR spectroscopy

et al. 2015

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Diatoms, an important group of phytoplankton, bloom annually in the Southern Ocean, covering thousands of square kilometers and dominating the region's phytoplankton communities. In their role as the major food source to marine grazers, diatoms supply carbon, nutrients and energy to the Southern Ocean food web. Prevailing environmental conditions influence diatom phenotypic traits (for example, photophysiology, macromolecular composition and morphology), which in turn affect the transfer of energy, carbon and nutrients to grazers and higher trophic levels, as well as oceanic biogeochemical cycles. The paucity of phenotypic data on Southern Ocean phytoplankton limits our understanding of the ecosystem and how it may respond to future environmental change. Here we used a novel approach to create a 'snapshot' of cell phenotype. Using mass spectrometry, we measured nitrogen (a proxy for protein), total carbon and carbon-13 enrichment (carbon productivity), then used this data to build spectroscopy-based predictive models. The models were used to provide phenotypic data for samples from a third sample set. Importantly, this approach enabled the first ever rate determination of carbon productivity from a single time point, circumventing the need for timeseries measurements. This study showed that Chaetoceros simplex was less productive and had lower protein and carbon content during short-term periods of high salinity. Applying this new phenomics approach to natural phytoplankton samples could provide valuable insight into understanding phytoplankton productivity and function in the marine system.

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“…Under sea ice conditions (sub-zero temperature, low light and high salinity), microalgae preferentially produce lipid macromolecules for energy storage (Mock and Kroon 2002;Sackett et al, 2013). Lipids are the most energy-rich macromolecules, with approximately double the caloric value of proteins and carbohydrates (Whyte, 1987). Organisms such as juvenile krill depend on these rich sources of lipids for growth and productivity, particularly during the long, winter months (Falk-Petersen et al, 1998;Mock and Kroon, 2002;Lee et al, 2008).…”

Section: Nutrients and Macromolecular Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Southern Ocean phytoplankton physiology in a changing climate

Petrou

Kranz

Trimborn

et al. 2016

Journal of Plant Physiology

119

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Please cite this article in press as: Petrou, K., et al., Southern Ocean phytoplankton physiology in a changing climate. J Plant Physiol (2016), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2016.05.004 ARTICLE IN PRESS a b s t r a c tThe Southern Ocean (SO) is a major sink for anthropogenic atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), potentially harbouring even greater potential for additional sequestration of CO 2 through enhanced phytoplankton productivity. In the SO, primary productivity is primarily driven by bottom up processes (physical and chemical conditions) which are spatially and temporally heterogeneous. Due to a paucity of trace metals (such as iron) and high variability in light, much of the SO is characterised by an ecological paradox of high macronutrient concentrations yet uncharacteristically low chlorophyll concentrations. It is expected that with increased anthropogenic CO 2 emissions and the coincident warming, the major physical and chemical process that govern the SO will alter, influencing the biological capacity and functioning of the ecosystem. This review focuses on the SO primary producers and the bottom up processes that underpin their health and productivity. It looks at the major physico-chemical drivers of change in the SO, and based on current physiological knowledge, explores how these changes will likely manifest in phytoplankton, specifically, what are the physiological changes and floristic shifts that are likely to ensue and how this may translate into changes in the carbon sink capacity, net primary productivity and functionality of the SO.

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Biochemical composition and energy content of six species of phytoplankton used in mariculture of bivalves

Cited by 269 publications

References 19 publications

Effects of culture age on cryopreservation of marine microalgae

Effects of culture age on cryopreservation of marine microalgae

Snapshot prediction of carbon productivity, carbon and protein content in a Southern Ocean diatom using FTIR spectroscopy

Southern Ocean phytoplankton physiology in a changing climate

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