Biochemical composition and energy reserves in Crassostrea gigas exposed to different levels of nutrition

Whyte, J. N. C.; Englar, J. R.; Carswell, Barron L.

doi:10.1016/0044-8486(90)90338-n

Cited by 65 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…However, Mladineo et al (2007) reported that the use of stored protein as an energy source is widely dependant on the availability of the other sources such as carbohydrates and lipids, being lower when these other sources are used at higher levels, and vice versa. According to Whyte et al (1990), protein was more efficient than carbohydrate as the main contributor of energy in lean times and fed the oysters during the winter months, when food was scarce. In the present study, protein was the major organic content found in oysters and the decline in protein coincided with maturation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal variation in reproductive activity and biochemical composition of flat oyster (<em>Ostrea edulis</em>) in the Homa Lagoon, Izmir Bay, Turkey

et al. 2015

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Summary:The reproductive cycle of the flat oyster, Ostrea edulis Linnaeus, 1758, in Homa Lagoon, Izmir Bay, Turkey was examined from August 2008 to July 2009. Gonad samples were analysed histologically in order to determine the sex ratio and gonad development stage. Overall, the sex ratio was recorded as 2.2% female, 42.6% male, 37% hermaphrodite and 17.9% inactive. Glycogen content showed considerable variations between August and February, but decreased gradually thereafter. However, glycogen did not directly affect the reproductive cycle. Total lipid content was positively correlated with temperature and inversely correlated with salinity. In addition, this parameter was influenced by the reproductive activity, which is correlated with the fluctuation of the condition index and gonad index (P<0.05). However, the relationship between the protein index and the gonad index was negative (P<0.05). The results of this study showed that protein was the major energy resource. The condition index varied between 2.69±0.91 (February) and 12.29±1.45 (April) during the year. With respect to meat yield, oyster quality changed from "fine" to "special", except in December and February.Keywords: flat oyster; Ostrea edulis; reproductive cycle; biochemical composition; Aegean Sea; Homa Lagoon.Variación estacional de la actividad reproductiva y de la composición bioquímica de ostra plana (Ostrea edulis) en Homa Lagoon, bahía de Izmir, Turquía Resumen: El ciclo reproductivo de la ostra plana, Ostrea edulis Linnaeus, 1758, en Homa Lagoon, Bahía de Izmir, Turquía, fue examinado entre agosto de 2008 y julio de 2009. Las gónadas se analizaron histológicamente para determinar la proporción de sexos y su estado de desarrollo. La proporción de sexos encontrada fue 2.2% hembras, 42.6% machos, 37% hermafroditas y 17.9% inactivos. El contenido de glucógeno mostró considerables variaciones entre agosto y febrero, pero después de estos meses se produjo un aumento gradual. Sin embargo el glucógeno no afectó directamente el ciclo reproductivo. El contenido total de lípidos se correlacionó positivamente con la temperatura e inversamente con la salinidad. Además, este parámetro estuvo influenciado por la actividad reproductiva, que se correlaciona con la fluctuación del índice de condición y del índice gonadal (P<0,05). Sin embargo la relación entre el índice de proteí-na y el índice gonadal fue negativa (P<0,05). Los resultados de este estudio mostraron que la proteína era la principal fuente de energía. El índice de condición varió entre 2.69±0.91 (febrero) y 12.29±1.45 (abril) durante el año. En lo que respecta a la producción de carne, la calidad de las ostras pasó de "fine" to "special", excepto en diciembre y febrero.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal variation in reproductive activity and biochemical composition of flat oyster (<em>Ostrea edulis</em>) in the Homa Lagoon, Izmir Bay, Turkey

et al. 2015

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“…The soft body was not separated into organs or body parts to avoid leakage of inter-and intracellular fluids (Whyte et al, 1990). After freezing at −80°C and lyophilization (Leybold-Heraeus Lyovac GT2) for 48 h oyster dry mass (DM) was determined using a Sartorius micro-balance (R200D).…”

Section: Biochemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical and elemental composition of the offshore-cultivated oysters Ostrea edulis and Crassostrea gigas

et al. 2013

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Offshore production of seafood is a promising approach to evade numerous specific problems related to aquaculture activities in coastal areas. The aim of this study was to investigate the biological performance of oysters, typical near-shore organisms and potent aquaculture candidates, in an offshore environment. Juveniles of two oyster species, Ostrea edulis and Crassostrea gigas, were transferred to an offshore cultivation site in the German North Sea and cultivated from April to October 2007. Samples were taken every six to eight weeks to determine biochemical and elemental compositions: total glycogen (TG), total protein, total lipid (TL) as well as lipid classes, fatty acids (FA) and the yields and ratios of carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen. Results show an increase in glycogen from spring to early summer for both species, which is related to high food abundance during spring phytoplankton bloom. During summer, glycogen storage revealed clear differences between O. edulis and C. gigas attributing to the reproductive activity of C. gigas but not O. edulis. TG contents ranged between 6% and 23% dry mass (DM) in O. edulis and between 5% and 16% DM in C. gigas. Total protein contents did not show significant seasonal variations and ranged between 34% and 41% DM in both species. TL contents increased during summer, although the increase was clearly more pronounced in C. gigas, followed by a decrease in both species in autumn. TL levels ranged between 7% and 14% DM in both species. Phospholipids and triacylglycerols were the main lipid classes in both oyster species, followed by sterols. FA compositions resembled those of near-shore-grown oysters. We conclude that offshorecultivated oysters exhibit a natural biological performance, emphasizing their suitability as offshore aquaculture candidates.

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“…Starvation for lengthy periods is not uncommon in intertidal molluscs (Bayne 1973(Bayne ,1999Garcia-Esquivel etal. 2001) and compensations occur in metabolic rate and enzyme activity in response to nutrient stress (Newell & Pye 1971;Whyte et al 1990). In general, intertidal molluscs can offset the energy costs of nutritional stress more effectively than subtidal species (Bayne & Newell 1983) even when this stress is exacerbated at higher temperatures (Gabbott & Bayne 1973).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxygen consumption and enzyme activity of the subtidal flat oyster(Ostrea chilensis)and intertidal Pacific oyster(Crassostrea gigas):Responses to temperature and starvation

Dunphy

Wells²,

Jeffs

2006

New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research

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Intertidal Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) and subtidal flat oysters (Ostrea chilensis)were held at 10, 15, or 20°C without food for 16 weeks. Rates of oxygen consumption in the subtidal oyster were more sensitive to temperature than those of the intertidal oyster, but temperature sensitivity decreased in starved Pacific oysters. Metabolic fuel reserves of glycogen in the adductor muscle were markedly higher in C. gigas, and decreased with starvation. Higher activities of the key metabolic enzymes, strombine dehydrogenase, alanopine dehydrogenase, and citrate synthase were found in C. gigas than in O. chilensis, indicating greater scope for energy production. These observations were consistent with the greater aerobic scope and glycolytic potential of C. gigas in the thermally variable intertidal environment, and in the face of severe nutritional challenge. Ostrea chilensis was metabolically challenged by warm temperatures and food deprivation, factors that need to be considered in the development of aquaculture methods for this species.

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Biochemical composition and energy reserves in Crassostrea gigas exposed to different levels of nutrition

Cited by 65 publications

References 20 publications

Seasonal variation in reproductive activity and biochemical composition of flat oyster (<em>Ostrea edulis</em>) in the Homa Lagoon, Izmir Bay, Turkey

Seasonal variation in reproductive activity and biochemical composition of flat oyster (<em>Ostrea edulis</em>) in the Homa Lagoon, Izmir Bay, Turkey

Biochemical and elemental composition of the offshore-cultivated oysters Ostrea edulis and Crassostrea gigas

Oxygen consumption and enzyme activity of the subtidal flat oyster(Ostrea chilensis)and intertidal Pacific oyster(Crassostrea gigas):Responses to temperature and starvation

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