Biochemical composition of amniotic fluid and extraembryonic coelomic fluid in the first trimester of pregnancy

Abstract

Objective To determine the biochemical composition of amniotic fluid and extra‐embryonic coelomic fluid between 8 and 12 weeks gestation. Design Prospective observational study. Subjects 40 women with a normal pregnancy between 7 and 12 weeks gestation having termination of pregnancy. Interventions Before termination the women had a transvaginal ultrasound guided amniocentesis. Pure samples of amniotic fluid and extraembryonic coelomic fluid were obtained from each woman and standard biochemical variables were measured in each fluid sample immediately after collection. Results Levels of sodium, potassium and bicarbonate were significantly higher in amniotic fluid whilst chloride, urea, bilirubin, protein, albumin, glucose, creatinine, calcium and phosphate were present in higher concentrations in extraembryonic coelomic fluid. All differences in concentration were significant (P <0.05; unpaired Mest). No relation was demonstrated between electrolyte concentrations in amniotic fluid or coelomic fluid and stage of gestation. Conclusions Amniotic fluid and extraembryonic coelomic fluid have a widely differing biochemical composition. The biological significance of these differences remains unexplained.

RNA-seq reveals conservation of function among the yolk sacs of human, mouse, and chicken

“…Transcripts encoding 259 SLC transporters were identified (the mean RPKM ranged from 134 to 1). We classified these transporters into 11 main groups on the basis of substrate category (24), i.e., amino acids, urea cycle, glucose, nucleoside sugars, metals, vitamins, neurotransmitters, inorganic ions, thyroid, organic ions, and miscellaneous, and matched them to their main substrates that we and others (21,22,(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35) have identified in coelomic fluid samples (Table 2). Zinc is the second most abundant trace element and is critical for embryonic development.…”

Transvaginal Amniotic Puncture for Cytogenetic Evaluation of Missed Abortions

“…However, the transvaginal approach of fers a significant technical advantage over the abdominal route and has been used for other indications such as selective reduction and detection of biochemical markers within the amniotic fluid [7,8]. In no instances were we Transvaginal Amniocentesis for Missed Abortion unable to obtain amniotic fluid, even as early as 7 weeks' gestation and from amniotic sacs that were smaller than expected by gestational age.…”

“…commun.]. While transvaginal ultra sound has been used successfully to approach the amniot ic sac for selective abortion or sampling amniotic fluid already at 7 weeks of gestation [7,8], it is not being used for amniocentesis. We report here the results of compara tive cytogenetic analysis between transvaginal amniotic MachelleM.…”

Human chorionic gonadotrophin and subunit composition of maternal serum and coelomic and amniotic fluids in the first trimester of pregnancy

“…EECF, again by contrast, con¬ tains very high levels of developmental proteins, pro¬ tein hormones and steroids(Wathen et al 1991;Campbell, Wathen, Macintosh et al 1992;…”