Biochemical composition of copepods for evaluation of feed quality in production of juvenile marine fish

Abstract

13 14To increase current knowledge on the nutritional value of natural prey organisms, the 15 biochemical components of mainly three copepods (Acartia grani, Centropages 16 hamatus, and Eurytemora affinis) from a marine pond system were analysed once a 17 week from spring until late fall, over two years. The analysed components were total 18 lipid, lipid class composition, total lipid fatty acid composition, free amino acids, total 19 protein, protein-bound amino acids, pigment (astaxanthin and ß-carotene), and 20 vitamins (A, thiamine, riboflavin, C, D 3 , and E). Copepod dry weight (DW), dry 21 matter (% of wet weight), and ash content (% of DW) were also determined. The data 22 are unique due to the homogenous content of copepods in the samples and the long 23 time span of sampling. The copepods were characterised by moderate levels of lipids 24 (6.9-22.5% of DW), with polar lipids accounting for 37.9 to70.2% of the total lipid. 25The most abundant fatty acids in total lipid (as % of total lipid) were 16:0 (palmitic 26 * Corresponding author. Tel.: +47 56182262; fax: +47 56182222. E-mail address: Terje.van.der.Meeren@imr.no A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T , 8.3-24.6%), and 22:6n-3 (DHA, 13.9-42.3%). The 27 amount of 20:4n-6 (ARA) was generally low (0-2.6%), giving an EPA/ARA range 28 between 7.5and 49.5. The DHA/EPA ratio was between 1.0 and 4.9. ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT2 acid, 10.8-17.1%), 20:5n-3 (EPA

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“…Taurine is known as a free organic acid that plays important role in lipid digestion, absorption and osmoregulation (Kim, Matsunari, Takeuchi, Yokoyama, Murata, & Ishihara, 2007;Takeuchi, 2014). The taurine concentration of rotifer and artemia are lower than that of copepods (Van der Meeren, Olsen, Hamre, & Fyhn, 2008). Therefore, one of the experimental group was designed as Taurine source.…”

Rearing larvae of dusky grouper, <i>Epinephelus marginatus</i> (Lowe, 1834), (Pisces: Serranidae) in a semi-extensive mesocosm

“…as reported by van der Meeren and Maess (1993), fish larvae need copepod nauplii to start growing and they actively select these nauplii for their energetic needs. Copepods have high nutritional value, particularly n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (n-3 huFa), indispensable amino acids and vitamins that are essential for growth and survival of marine fish larvae (sargent and Falk-Peterson, 1988;McEvoy et al 1998;støttrup, 2003;van der Meeren et al 2008). late (in the rearing period) production of nauplii in 2007 (Fig.…”

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“…In aquaculture, species derive a substantial part of their dietary needs from available plankton as a valuable source of protein, amino acids, lipid, fatty acids and vitamins (Evjemo, Reitan, & Olsen, 2003). Therefore, plankton seems to provide a good source of immune and exogenous enzymes for larvae, however, the nutritional quality of plankton varies and plays a major role in producing high quality of fish larvae, juveniles and fry (Meeren, Olsen, Hamre, & Fyhn, 2008).…”