Biochemical effect evaluation of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid-contaminated wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus).

Abstract

Wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) were captured at Blokkersdijk, a nature reserve in the immediate vicinity of a fluorochemical plant in Antwerp, Belgium, and at Galgenweel, 3 kilometers farther away. The liver perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) concentrations in the Blokkersdijk mice were extremely high (0.47-178.55 µg/g wet weight). Perfluorononanoic, perfluorodecanoic, perfluoroundecanoic, and perfluorododecanoic acids were found sporadically in the liver tissue of the Blokkersdijk mice. The liver PFOS concentrations at Galgenweel were significantly lower than those at Blokkersdijk (0.14-1.11 µg/g wet weight). Further results suggest sex independence of the liver PFOS levels, increased levels of PFOS bioaccumulation in older mice, and maternal PFOS transfer to the young. Several liver end points were significantly elevated in the Blokkersdijk mice: liver weight, relative liver weight, peroxisomal β-oxidation activity, microsomal lipid peroxidation level, and mitochondrial fraction protein content. For the mitochondrial fraction catalase activity, no significant difference between locations was found. The liver weight, relative liver weight, and liver microsomal lipid peroxidation level increased significantly with the liver PFOS concentration. No indications for PFOS-mediated effects on the serum triglyceride, cholesterol, or potassium levels were obtained. The liver PFOS concentration was negatively related to the serum alanine aminotransferase activity.

Tissue Distribution of Perfluorinated Chemicals in Harbor Seals (Phoca vitulina) from the Dutch Wadden Sea

“…Concentration of PFOS did not increase with age in ringed or gray seals from the Bothnian Bay (26). Although concentrations were higher in adult polar bears from Alaska waters than in juveniles, the trend was not significant (27), and, in addition with this trend, an agerelated increase of PFOS liver concentration was observed in mice from Blokkersdijk, Belgium (29). However, juvenile harbor porpoises from the southern North Sea contained higher hepatic PFOS concentrations than adults (7).…”

Perfluoroalkyl Compounds

“…PFSAs and PFCAs have been measured globally in invertebrates [87,88,109,188,189], fish [85,87,88,106,109,124,187,[190][191][192], reptiles [106,193], birds [87,106,190,192,[194][195][196][197], and terrestrial [187,198] and marine [87,106,107,119,190,192,[199][200][201][202][203][204][205][206][207][208] mammals. The pattern of contamination in biota is complex and varies among species and locations.…”

“…Profiles of PFC contamination vary among wildlife species and locations, indicating multiple sources of PFCs, although numerous linear correlations between concentrations of different PFSAs and PFCAs have been observed in wildlife, indicating that exposures to various PFCs may occur simultaneously and may be from a similar source within a geographic region [136]. The largest biological PFC concentrations encountered to date were observed in wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) inhabiting the area surrounding a fluorochemical plant in Belgium; concentrations of PFOS were approximately 180 000 ng/g wet weight [198].…”

Exploring the fate, transport and risk of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) in a coastal region of China using a multimedia model

“…Most of the research has focused on detection methods and technologies (Kuklenyik et al, 2004;Van Leeuwen et al, 2006;Yamashita et al, 2004), exposure characteristics Naile et al, 2010;Pan and You, 2010;Taniyasu et al, 2003), bioaccumulation (Shaw et al, 2009;Shi et al, 2012;Taniyasu et al, 2003) and toxic effects (Hoff et al, 2004;Ribes et al, 2010;Scialli et al, 2007). Nevertheless, limited attention has been given to the fate and transport of PFOS in multimedia environmental systems.…”