Biochemical energy conversion using immobilized whole cells of Clostridium butyricum

Suzuki, Shuichi; Karube, Isao; Matsunaga, Tadashi; Kuriyama, Shinichi; Suzuki, Nobukazu; Shirogami, Tamotsu; Takamura, T

doi:10.1016/s0300-9084(80)80165-9

Cited by 48 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The availability of energy-rich biomass or organic waste substances suggests that this chemical energy could be transformed into electrical power. Indeed, early efforts have applied microorganisms as living cells that convert biomass or waste organic materials into products, such as hydrogen, methanol or formic acids, and these products were used as fuel substrates in conventional fuel cells [9][10][11]. Alternatively, redox relay units were coupled to the electron transfer chain operating in whole cells, and the resulting biocatalytically generated reduced products and oxidised products were coupled to membrane-bridged compartmentalised cells that produced electrical power [12][13][14].…”

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confidence: 99%

Integrated Enzyme‐Based Biofuel Cells–A Review

et al. 2009

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The electrical contacting of redox enzymes with electrodes is one of the most fundamental processes in bioelectrochemistry. Redox enzymes usually lack direct electron transfer communication between their active redox centres and electrode supports. This barrier for electron transfer (ET) is explained by the Marcus electron transfer theory [1] that states that the electron transfer rate between a donor and an acceptor pair is given by Eq. 1, where d and d o are the actual distance and the Van der Waals distance separating the donor-acceptor pair, respectively, DG o and k are the free energy change and the reorganisation energy accompanying the electron transfer (ET) process, respectively, and b is the electronic coupling coefficient.Realizing that the dimensions (diameters) of redox proteins are in the range of 70-200 Å, and that the redox centres are embedded in the protein matrices, the spatial separation of the biocatalytic redox sites from the electrode prevents the electrical contacting of the enzyme with the electrode [2]. Different methods to establish electrical communication between the redox centres of enzymes and electrodes were developed in the past 25 years. These include, Figure 1, the use of diffusional electron mediators that transport electrons between the redox centres and the electrode, path (A) [3], the tethering of redox-active relay units to the protein (on the periphery as well as inner protein sites) to shorten the electron transfer distances and to mediate ET between the biocatalytic redox centres and the electrode, path (B) [4], and to immobilise the redox enzymes in electroactive polymer matrices, and particularly, redox-active hydrogels, that transport the electrons between the enzyme active sites and the electrodes by means of flexible charge carrying redox-active segments associated with the polymer matrices, path (C) [5]. Also, the reconstitution of apo-enzymes on relay/cofactor units associated with electrodes provided an effective means to electrically contact redox enzymes with electrodes [6]. According to this paradigm, Figure 1, path (d), the native cofactor is extracted from the enzyme, and the reconstitution of the resulting enzyme on the relay-cofactor dyad linked to the electrode yields a AbstractEnzyme-based biofuel cells provide versatile means to generate electrical power from biomass or biofuel substrates, and to use biological fluids as fuel-sources for the electrical activation of implantable electronic medical devices, or prosthetic aids. This review addresses recent advances for assembling biofuel cells based on integrated, electrically contacted thin film-modified enzyme electrodes. Different methods to electrically communicate the enzymes associated with the anodes/cathodes of the biofuel cell elements are presented. These include: (i) The reconstitution of apoenzymes on relay-cofactor monolayers assembled on electrodes, or the crosslinking of cofactor-enzyme affinity complexes assembled on electrodes. (ii) The immobilisation of enzymes in redox-active hydrogels a...

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confidence: 99%

Integrated Enzyme‐Based Biofuel Cells–A Review

et al. 2009

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“…Future reports on biofuel cells should include V ce ll at open-circuit, current and voltage at a given load, and the geometrical area (or other relevant descriptions) of both anode and cathode. Of the literature reviewed, the highest power density that could be calculated from the values reported for microbial biofuel cells was 533 pW cnr 2 (based on the calculated surface area of both sides of the anodes and cathodes) (38). The enzymatic biofuel cell with the highest power density (160 pW cm -2 based on the current density reported) was reported by Persson et al (59).…”

Section: Assessments and New Approachesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Microbial and Enzymatic Biofuel Cells

Tayhas¹,

Palmore²,

Whitesides³

1994

ACS Symposium Series

114

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This review summarizes the literature published after 1985 relevant to microbial and enzymatic biofuel cells. It tabulates the experimental conditions used in operation, the characteristics, and the performance of the reported biofuel cells. The present state of research in biofuel cells is analyzed and suggestions for future research are included.The purpose of this chapter is to review recent work in biofuel cells --that is, fuel cells relying at least in part on enzymatic catalysis for their activity. The chapter is divided into three sections: (1) a brief review of the principles common to fuel cells (both biological and non-biological), supported with a bibliography of more comprehensive treatments, (2) an overview of the literature directly relevant to biofuel cells that encompasses both microbial and enzymatic cells, and (3) a summary of the obstacles that remain along the path to a practical biofuel cell, with suggestions for future research. Fundamentals of Fuel Cells and the Distinction between Biofuel Cells and NonBiological Fuel CellsA fuel cell is an electrochemical device that manages the flow of electrons and charge-compensating positive ions (typically protons or alkali metal cations such as Li + or Na + ) in a redox reaction in such a way that the electrons move through an external circuit where they can do electrochemical work (Scheme 1). The only fuels now used in practical fuel cells are H2 and O2; other reducing fuels are converted to H2 before they enter the fuel cell.A biological fuel cell (abbreviated as biofuel cell) is the offspring of two parent technologies: fuel cells and biotechnology. Like conventional fuel cells, biofuel cells comprise an anode and a cathode separated by a barrier that is selective for the passage of positively charged ions; they require the addition of fuel to generate power (7-9). Unlike conventional fuel cells, which usually use precious metals as catalysts, biofuel cells utilize enzymatic catalysts, either as they occur in microorganisms, or as isolated proteins (70). There are two types of biofuel cells: direct and indirect (77). The direct biofuel cell is a configuration in which fuel is oxidized at the surface of the electrode. The role of the biological catalysts in this type of fuel cell is to catalyze these surface reactions.The indirect biofuel cell is a 0097-6156/94/0566-0271$08.00/0

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“…A system in which a hydrogen-rich fermentative gas, produced in a bioreactor by microorganisms, is transported to a proper chemical fuel cell and used there as the fuel, is a special case of a microbial fuel cell, but is not often described in the literature [22,36,39,40]. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) convert the chemical energy of natural, organic compounds directly into electric energy with the aid of living microorganisms.…”

Section: -10mentioning

confidence: 99%

Can a fermentation gas mainly produced by rumen Isotrichidae ciliates be a potential source of biohydrogen and a fuel for a chemical fuel cell?

Piela

Michałowski²,

Miltko³

et al. 2010

J. Microbiol. Biotechnol.

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Bacteria, fungi, and protozoa inhabiting the rumen, the largest chamber of the ruminants' stomach, release large quantities of hydrogen during the fermentation of carbohydrates. The hydrogen is used by coexisting methanogens to produce methane in energy-yielding processes. This work shows, for the first time, a fundamental possibility of using a hydrogen-rich fermentation gas produced by selected rumen ciliates to feed a lowtemperature hydrogen fuel cell. A biohydrogen fuel cell (BHFC) was constructed consisting of (i) a bioreactor, in which a hydrogen-rich gas was produced from glucose by rumen ciliates, mainly of the Isotrichidae family, deprived of intra-and extracellular bacteria, methanogens, and fungi; and (ii) a chemical fuel cell of the polymer-electrolyte type (PEFC). The fuel cell was used as a tester of the technical applicability of the fermentation gas produced by the rumen ciliates for power generation. The average estimated hydrogen yield was ca. 1.15 mol H 2 per mole of fermented glucose. The BHFC performance was equal to the performance of the PEFC running on pure hydrogen. No fuel cell poisoning effects were detected. A maximum power density of 1.66 kW/m 2 (PEFC geometric area) was obtained at room temperature. The maximum volumetric power density was 128 W/m 3 but the coulombic efficiency was only ca. 3.8%. The configuration of the bioreactor limited the continuous operation time of this BHFC to ca. 14 h.

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Biochemical energy conversion using immobilized whole cells of Clostridium butyricum

Cited by 48 publications

References 6 publications

Integrated Enzyme‐Based Biofuel Cells–A Review

Integrated Enzyme‐Based Biofuel Cells–A Review

Microbial and Enzymatic Biofuel Cells

Can a fermentation gas mainly produced by rumen Isotrichidae ciliates be a potential source of biohydrogen and a fuel for a chemical fuel cell?

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