Biochemical Genetic Survey of Sockeye Salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus nerka</i>) in Canada

Wood, Chris; Riddell, Brian; Rutherford, Dennis T.; Withler, Ruth E.

doi:10.1139/f94-299

Cited by 71 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Understanding the patterns of genetic diversity for Cook Inlet sockeye salmon populations has been the focus of a number of studies since the mid-1970s because of the economic importance of these fish (Grant et al 1980;Wilmot and Burger 1985;Burger et al 1997;Seeb et al, in press). Both allozyme and mtDNA data reveal a substantial amount of genetic diversity among populations, and the data support the hypothesis that the nursery lake is the primary unit of reproduction (Seeb et al, in press), a hypothesis used to explain diversity patterns in other portions of the range of the species (Wood et al 1994). Sockeye salmon generally spawn in rivers or smaller creeks associated with nursery lakes and typically exhibit an obligate one-to two-year lacustrine freshwater rearing phase prior to undergoing smoltification and migration to the sea.…”

supporting

confidence: 69%

Concordance of Genetic Divergence Among Sockeye Salmon Populations at Allozyme, Nuclear Dna, and Mitochondrial Dna Markers

Allendorf¹,

Seeb

2000

Evolution

129

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We examined genetic variation at 21 polymorphic allozyme loci, 15 nuclear DNA loci, and mitochondrial DNA in four spawning populations of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) from Cook Inlet, Alaska, to test for differences in the patterns of divergence among different types of markers. We were specifically interested in testing the suggestion that natural selection at allozyme loci compromises the effectiveness of these markers for describing the amount and patterns of gene flow among populations. We found concordance among markers in the amount of genetic variation within and among populations, with the striking exception of one allozyme locus (sAH), which exhibited more than three times the amount of among-population differentiation as other loci. A consideration of reports of discordance between allozymes and other loci indicates that these differences usually result from one or two exceptional loci. We conclude that it is important to examine many loci when estimating genetic differentiation to infer historical amounts of gene flow and patterns of genetic exchange among populations. It is less important whether those loci are allozymes or nuclear DNA markers.

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supporting

confidence: 69%

Concordance of Genetic Divergence Among Sockeye Salmon Populations at Allozyme, Nuclear Dna, and Mitochondrial Dna Markers

Allendorf¹,

Seeb

2000

Evolution

129

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“…Cultus Lake fish stood apart with near fixation of the ALAT*100 and PGM-1*NULL alleles (see also Wood et al 1994). The two major clusters that contained Lake Washington populations were best distinguished from each other by allelic frequency variation at LDH-A1 and, to a lesser degree, at PGM-1*.…”

Section: Variation Among Populationsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…This approach has frequently been used to investigate ancestral relationships and to evaluate population differentiation in Pacific salmon (Allendorf and Phelps 1981;Gharrett and Thomason 1987;Utter 1991). For sockeye salmon, biochemical genetic analysis has succeeded in discriminating broad geographical population groups (e.g., Withler 1985;Foote et al 1989;Wood et al 1994), populations from nearby lakes and streams (e.g., Wilmot and Burger 1985;Quinn et al 1987;Grant et al 1980;Varnavskaya et al 1994a), and populations from different spawning locations within lake systems (e.g., Altukhov and Salmenkova 1991;Varnavskaya et al 1994b). For Lake Washington, ancestral origins of the different sockeye salmon populations were inferred through comparisons with the fish currently found in Baker and Cultus lakes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic evidence for the persistence and divergence of native and introduced sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) within Lake Washington, Washington

Hendry¹,

Quinn²,

Utter³

1996

Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

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The genetic population structure of Lake Washington sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) was investigated using the analysis of variation in allelic frequencies at protein-coding loci. Population subdivision was considerable (average F ST using the four highly polymorphic loci was 0.057) and two divergent population groups were identified (separated by an average genetic distance of 0.014). One population group (Cedar River, Issaquah Creek, and a Lake Washington beach) showed a genetic affinity to collections of sockeye salmon from Baker Lake, Washington. In contrast, the other population group (Bear Creek and Cottage Creek) was distinct from either of the putative non-native ancestral populations (Cultus Lake, B.C., and Baker Lake). We inferred that the former group was comprised of fish of the Baker Lake lineage (transplanted to Lake Washington in the 1930s and 1940s) and that the latter population group was predominantly of native ancestry. Cultus Lake fish were not closely related to any of the other populations but there was some evidence for introgression among the different ancestral lineages within Lake Washington. Allelic frequency differences among several populations of a common origin provided evidence for two possible types of genetic divergence: between ancestral and derived groups and among different derived populations.Résumé : On a étudié la structure génétique de la population de saumons sockeye (Oncorhynchus nerka) du lac Washington en examinant la variation de fréquences alléliques aux locus assurant le codage des protéines. Il y avait subdivision considérable de la population (la valeur moyenne de F ST établie avec quatre locus hautement polymorphes était de 0,057), et on a identifié deux groupes de population divergents (séparés par une distance génétique moyenne de 0,014). Un groupe de population (rivière Cedar, ruisseau Issaquah et une plage du lac Washington) présentait une affinité génétique vis-à-vis des collections de saumons sockeye du lac Baker, Washington. Par contraste, l'autre groupe de population (ruisseau Bear et ruisseau Cottage) était distinct des deux populations ancestrales présumées non indigènes (lac Cultus, en Colombie-Britannique, et lac Baker). Nous avons déduit que le premier groupe de population était constitué de poissons de la lignée du lac Baker (transplantés dans le lac Washington dans les années 1930 et 1940) et que le dernier groupe était surtout d'origine ancestrale indigène. Les poissons du lac Cultus n'étaient pas étroitement apparentés à ceux des autres populations, mais certaines données semblaient indiquer qu'il y avait eu introgression parmi les différentes lignées ancestrales du lac Washington. Les différences de fréquences alléliques chez plusieurs populations d'origine commune venaient appuyer deux types possibles de divergence génétique, soit entre des groupes ancestraux et des groupes dérivés et entre des populations dérivées. [Traduit par la Rédaction]

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“…Studies that used numerous allozyme loci as well as those that included samples from a wide geographic area were chosen. The data sets included two studies on Chinook salmon (O. tshawytshca Walbaum- Bartley et al 1992;Waples et al 2004), two on chum salmon (O. keta Walbaum- Phelps et al 1994;Wilmot et al 1994) and two on sockeye salmon (O. nerka Walbaum- Varnavskaya et al 1994;Wood et al 1994) (Table 1). Allozyme alleles frequencies were taken directly from the publications.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5B, C). Analysis of the entire Wood et al (1994) dataset revealed PGM-1 as a high F ST outlier and PGM-2 as a low F ST outlier (Fig. 6A).…”

Section: Sockeye Salmonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of F ST outliers at allozyme loci in Pacific salmon: implications for natural selection

Aguilar

2006

Environ Biol Fish

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Natural selection has been invoked to explain the observed geographic distribution of allozyme allele frequencies for a number of teleost species. The effects of selection on allozyme loci in three species of Pacific salmon were tested. A simulation-based approach to estimate the null distribution of population differentiation (F ST ) and test for F ST outliers was used. This approach showed that a majority of allozyme loci conform to neutral expectations predicted by the simulation model, with relatively few F ST outliers found. No consistent F ST outlier loci were found across species. Analysis of population sub-groups based on geography and genetic identity reduced the number of outlier loci for some species, indicating that large geographic groups may include genetically divergent populations and/or that there is geographic heterogeneity in selection pressure upon allozyme loci. Two outlier allozyme loci found in this analysis, lactate dehydrogenase-B and malic enzyme, have been shown to be influenced by selection in other teleost species. This approach is also useful in identifying allozyme loci (or other genetic markers) that meet assumptions for population genetic study.

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Biochemical Genetic Survey of Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in Canada

Cited by 71 publications

References 20 publications

Concordance of Genetic Divergence Among Sockeye Salmon Populations at Allozyme, Nuclear Dna, and Mitochondrial Dna Markers

Concordance of Genetic Divergence Among Sockeye Salmon Populations at Allozyme, Nuclear Dna, and Mitochondrial Dna Markers

Genetic evidence for the persistence and divergence of native and introduced sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) within Lake Washington, Washington

Analysis of F ST outliers at allozyme loci in Pacific salmon: implications for natural selection

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