Biochemical, Hematological and Endocrinological Parameters during Repeated Intense Short-Term Running in Comparison to Ultra-Long-Distance Running

Abstract

In order to see the differences in the acute effects of two kinds of running on biochemical, hematological and hormonal parameters, we investigated in one 24 h race (same exterior conditions) two groups of runners (NR = nonstop runners; RR = relay runners). From each participant blood samples were taken before, 3 times during and after the race. In both groups the lipid parameters cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol declined significantly, triglycerides even to 40% of their initial value, whereas HDL-cholesterol increased significantly. Renal parameters showed similar increases in both groups except for uric acid, which rose by 73% in RR compared with only 23% increase in NR. A difference was also found in the lactate and glucose concentrations, showing a four-fold increase and a 34% increase at 4 h respectively in RR, whereas the NR remained constant. Changes in the hematological parameters were similar in both groups. Cortisol and prolactin showed similar alterations during the race but LH and testosterone declined to approximately half of their initial concentration (p greater than 0.05) in NR after 4 to 8 h, in contrast to RR, where the concentration of LH or testosterone remained constant or changed only moderately but insignificantly during the race. Our investigation indicates that in ultra-long-distance running and intense short-term exercise performed under the same exterior conditions, many parameters show similar changes but great differences can be found as well if certain hormones, glucose metabolism and renal parameters are considered.

Marcadores hematológicos e bioquímicos após um torneio de Jiu-Jitsu Brasileiro em atletas de elite

“…The only change observed post-competition was an increase in hematocrit, possibly as a result of the hemodilution phenomenon. This finding agrees with Nagel et al 19 who observed a decrease of hematocrit in runners after long distance events. Contrarily, Shinkai et al 4 and Rodrigues 6 did not detect changes in hematocrit in long-distance runners after a competition.…”

“…Contrarily, Shinkai et al 4 and Rodrigues 6 did not detect changes in hematocrit in long-distance runners after a competition. Conflicting results regarding hemoglobin concentration in athletes have been reported in the literature, with the results ranging from unchanged 20 and increased 4 to reduced post-effort levels 19 . Taken together, the present results suggest that a BJJ competition is less likely to severely affect red blood cell counts and related measures.…”

Association Between Energy Balance and Metabolic Hormone Suppression During Ultraendurance Exercise

“…Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to determine the association between changes in endocrine and metabolic outcomes and energy balance. Based on previously published changes in metabolic hormones during prolonged strenuous exercise as well as previous findings from our laboratory, a sample size of n=7 was deemed sufficient to detect changes in leptin, IGF-1, and testosterone of 32%, 57%, and 53%, respectively [9][10][11]24 at p<0.05 at a power of 0.8, and a sample size of 11 was deemed energy balance in this group was largely driven by ad libitum caloric intake. We previously identified caloric intake from solid foods as an important predictor of energy intake, since those athletes who managed to consume more energy from solid foods were more likely to remain in energy balance.…”

Hand Strike-Induced Hemolysis and Adaptations in Iron Metabolism in Basque Ball Players

“…The fall in iron levels may also be due to the infl ammatory response as a result of muscle damage [10] , which is very usual in elite sportsmen [36] . This infl ammatory response causes a redistribution of iron in the reticule endothelial system and leads to a decrease in serum iron concentration [37,38] .…”

“…Sometimes, they suffer the so-called hand disease (hand ache and infl ammation) as a consequence of either the bad placing of protections on their hands or a bad striking technique. Serum iron levels have been reported to be lower both in endurance and strength-trained athletes than sedentary people [37] . Endurance and strength are two characteristics of Basque ball.…”