Biochemical Indicators of Acute Pancreatitis

Kazmierczak, Steven C.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-3964-2_3

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 155 publications

(145 reference statements)

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“…Laboratory tests are reliable diagnostic approaches for acute pancreatitis. Furthermore, the serum levels of amylase and lipase are significantly elevated in patients with acute pancreatitis, often reaching three times the normal level as observed in the previous studies in this regard (3). Amylase levels in patients with acute pancreatitis may be normal or extremely low due to hypertriglyceridemia or alcohol consumption (4).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Acute Pancreatitis with Normal Amylase: A Case Report

Manouchehri¹,

Y²

2021

J Kermanshah Univ Med Sci

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: Rapid diagnosis in patients with acute pancreatitis is essential to optimal therapeutic outcomes. Upon clinical suspicion, various methods could be used to confirm the diagnosis based on the symptoms and examinations. Laboratory tests are an important diagnostic method in this regard based on the increased serum amylase/lipase. In this study, we described the case of a 31-year-old male patient presenting with the clinical signs of pancreatitis with normal amylase and elevated triglyceride in the follow-up. In case of strong clinical suspicion, other tests and diagnostic methods are recommended to confirm acute pancreatitis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Acute Pancreatitis with Normal Amylase: A Case Report

Manouchehri¹,

Y²

2021

J Kermanshah Univ Med Sci

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“…Phadebas® paper can detect -amylase activity in saliva samples within a wide range of dilutions, between 1:100-1:1000; the value determined in this study (1:500) is within this range. This large variation in reported values may be explained by the existence of intra-and inter-personal variations of -amylase activity in the population due to a number of factors, such as genetic influences [33], age [34], drug use [35,36], illness [37], diurnal rhythm [38], stress [39] and food intake [20]. An additional factor that may contribute to this variation is the decision to use dried/aged samples rather than fresh in such experiments; -amylase activity has been shown to decrease to approximately 17% of the initial activity of the sample during a drying period of 24 hours [20] and to 1% of the original -amylase activity after 49 days [22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evaluation and validation of Phadebas® paper as a presumptive screening tool for saliva on forensic exhibits

Wornes

Speers

Murakami

2018

Forensic Science International

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The Phadebas Forensic Press Test is routinely used for the detection of saliva. However, assessment of the use of Phadebas paper for this purpose has not been studied extensively. The suitability of Phadebas paper as a presumptive screening tool for saliva on forensic exhibits, was investigated by analysing the following: (1) sensitivity, (2) specificity, (3) effects of temperature on sensitivity and specificity, (4) detection of saliva in mixed body fluid samples, and (5) influence of substrate porosity. The results of this study demonstrated that Phadebas paper is more sensitive to α-amylase activity and less specific for saliva than previously reported. The use of an examination temperature of 37°C had no effect on sensitivity, but increased the incidence of cross-reactivity with other forensically relevant body fluid stains. Blood, urine and vaginal secretions can inhibit the detection of α-amylase activity with Phadebas paper in mixed stains of saliva and body fluid. Substrate porosity is a weak predictor for the time taken for a saliva stain to achieve a strong positive result on Phadebas paper. Overall, this study demonstrated that the Phadebas Forensic Press Test has limitations as a presumptive test for the accurate identification of saliva.

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“…As α‐amylases are secreted into the digestive system, small amounts diffuse into the bloodstream and are eliminated through urine and perspiration; so are commonly found in several biological fluids, especially urine, perspiration, and, in addition, in vaginal secretions, breast milk, tear fluid, serum, male and female reproductive tissues, and feces (9–13); however, with the exception of feces, no other body fluid approaches the level of amylases activity in dried stains from the aforementioned biological fluids. In some pathological conditions, especially in pancreatic disorders such as pancreatitis (14) and in several kind of tumors affecting the digestive apparatus (15), the α‐amylase levels may be drastically altered and tissue normally not expressing these enzymes may become relevant sources of α‐amylases (16). α‐amylases are also found in the liver, fallopian tubes, and small intestine; inflammation of these tissues also increases levels.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

α‐Amylase Kinetic Test in Bodily Single and Mixed Stains

Barni¹,

Berti²,

Rapone³

et al. 2006

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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Recently, in Italy, a murder and a putative sexual violence was accomplished on a child. A bodily fluids mixture on the child's underwear between the victim (female) and the suspect (male) was ascertained by short tandem repeat (STR) DNA typing and, due to the absence of seminal fluid, saliva from the suspect and urine from the child was hypothesized. In order to investigate the possibility of specifically and rapidly detecting saliva stains both alone and mixed with other bodily fluids, we used a quantitative spectrophotometric technique, named Amylase test, for the detection of alpha-amylases. We determined alpha-amylase activity and reaction kinetic curves in several samples collected from the child's underwear. In order to confirm our intuition, we first tested saliva, perspiration, and urine, singularly and in mixtures; second, several forensic stains including saliva, perspiration, urine stains, saliva/perspiration, and saliva/urine mixture stains were tested. Evaluating alpha-amylase activity values and time-course curves' behavior of alpha-amylase reactions we were able to recognize successfully, in all cases, the presence of saliva and to distinguish it specifically from other bodily fluids containing alpha-amylase. A further confirmation of our result was provided by STR DNA typing on several areas of the underwear: a clear correlation between alpha-amylases activity and male DNA was detected on all the samples evaluated.

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Biochemical Indicators of Acute Pancreatitis

Cited by 4 publications

References 155 publications

Acute Pancreatitis with Normal Amylase: A Case Report

Acute Pancreatitis with Normal Amylase: A Case Report

The evaluation and validation of Phadebas® paper as a presumptive screening tool for saliva on forensic exhibits

α‐Amylase Kinetic Test in Bodily Single and Mixed Stains

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