Biochemical investigations of retinotectal adhesive specificity

Marchase, Richard B.

doi:10.1083/jcb.75.1.237

Cited by 143 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…A dorsal--ventral gradient of GM2 ganglioside molecules (II3NeuAc-GgOse3Cer) in chicken embrvo retina has been postulated but not detected (15 TOP antigenicity was upon incubation at 100°C or by incubation with trypsin ( Table 2). All TOP antigenicity in retina cell homogenates was recovered from the 100,000 X g particulate fraction; soluble antigen was not detected (not shown).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A topographic gradient of molecules in retina can be used to identify neuron position.

Trisler¹,

Schneider²,

Nirenberg³

1981

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

178

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A monoclonal antibody was obtained that binds to cell membrane molecules distributed in a topographic gradient in avian retina. Thirty-five-fold more antigen was detected in dorsoposterior retina than in ventroanterior retina. Most of the antigen was associated with the synaptic layers of the retina. Less antigen was detected in cerebrum, thalamus, cerebellum, and optic tectum, but little or none was found in non-neural tissues tested. The antigen was found on most or all cell types in retina, and the concentration of antigen found is a function of the square of the circumferential distance from the ventroanterior pole of the gradient toward the dorsoposterior pole. Thus, the antigen can be used as a marker of cell position along the ventroanterior-dorsoposterior axis of the retina.Topographic relationships between retina ganglion neurons are conserved, forming point-to-point representations ofthe retina, when ganglion neurons synapse in tectum or certain other regions of brain. Thus, the retina is a favorable model system for studying the formation of synaptic circuits. However, the molecular basis for spatial order has not been defined. Sperry (1) hypothesized that two orthogonal gradients of molecules on retina ganglion neurons and corresponding gradients of complimentary molecules in the optic tectum might determine the specificity of synaptic connections between retina and tectum neurons. Other mechanisms proposed include adhesive interactions between migrating neurites, myelination of bundles of axons, and formation of extracellular channels by glia to guide axons in appropriate directions (2).Antibodies provide a means of identifying surface molecules and reactions required for neural function (3-7). Rabbit antiserum to clonal retina hybrid cells was used to detect an antigen with a restricted domain in retina (8).Our objective was to detect cell surface molecules with topographic specificity in the retina, as candidates for neuronal recognition molecules. Monoclonal antibodies were obtained by fusing P3X63 Ag8 mouse myeloma cells (9) with spleen cells from mice immunized with small portions of dorsoposterior or ventral chicken embryo retina. A hybridoma antibody was obtained that binds to cell membrane molecules that are distributed in a dorsoposterior -> ventroanterior gradient in retina. RESULTSThe rationale for the experiments is shown in Fig. 1. Spleen cells from mice immunized with small portions ofdorsoposterior or ventral neural retina from the left eyes of 14-day chicken embryos were fused with P3X63 Ag8 mouse myeloma cells, and the binding of hybridoma antibody to cultured cells from the sector of the retina used for immunization was compared with

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A topographic gradient of molecules in retina can be used to identify neuron position.

Trisler¹,

Schneider²,

Nirenberg³

1981

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

178

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“…Other work has shown that dorsal and ventral chicken retinal cell suspensions differ reciprocally in their adhesion to monolayers of ventral and dorsal tectal cells (2). Based on the sensitivity of these adhesive interactions to enzyme treatments, a double-gradient model involving a ganglioside and a ,8-N-acetylgalactosamine-binding protein was postulated (3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

O-acetylation of a cell-surface carbohydrate creates discrete molecular patterns during neural development.

Blum

Barnstable

1987

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The cell-surface antigen detected by the monoclonal antibody JONES is expressed in the retina and a number of other central nervous system regions of the rat during the latter part of embryonic development and the early postnatal period. In addition to the expression on certain neuroblast populations it is found on some but not all axons and is also expressed at high levels on the end feet of radial glia in regions through which axons actively grow. In the perinatal rat retina, almost all the antigenic activity was carried on a ganglioside migrating between GM1 and GM2. The epitope recognized by antibody JONES was base labile and treatment with 0.1 M sodium carbonate or ammonia vapor converted the antigen into GD3. Resistance to oxidation by sodium periodate and reformation of the epitope by chemical acetylation of base-treated gangliosides with N-acetylimidazole identify the antigen as 9-0-acetyl GD3. The acetylation of GD3 seems to be regulated independently from GD3 expression itself since acetylated and nonacetylated GD3 do not have identical immunocytochemical distributions in the developing central nervous system. In addition, five independent human melanoma cell lines varied substantially in their expression of 9-0-acetyl

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“…Gangliosides have been associated with regions ofneuronal and glial proliferation (Goldman et al, 1984;Levine et al, 1984) and with the differentiation of neuronal and glial cells in culture (Seifert, 198 1;Hefti et al, 1985). Finally, various investigations of cell-cell as well as cell-substratum adhesion have suggested that gangliosides may modulate contact-mediated cell interactions (Barbera et al, 1973;Barbera, 1975;Marchase, 1977;Blackbum et al, 1986;Cheresh and Klier, 1986;Thompson et al, 1986).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental regulation of ganglioside antigens recognized by the JONES antibody

et al. 1988

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The JONES monoclonal antibody has been immunocytochemically associated with regions of the developing rat brain where cell and axon migrations are occurring (Mendez-Otero et al., 1986, 1988). In the present study the antigens recognized by the JONES antibody were analyzed in a variety of brain regions and at developmental ages selected to correspond to the preceding immunocytochemical observations. In accordance with earlier results from retina, JONES binding could not be detected in SDS gels from developing brain. Binding of the antibody was, however, prominent in chloroform/methanol extracts of the same tissues, and it was completely removed from tissue sections by brief chloroform/methanol form/methanol treatment. Enzymatic analyses of chloroform/methanol extracts indicated that the JONES epitope was sensitive to neuraminidase but insensitive to proteases. Overlay assays on developed high-performance thin-layer chromatographic plates (HPTLC) indicate that in all regions the JONES epitope resides on 2 or 3 ganglioside bands, depending on the age examined. These bands migrate between ganglioside standards GD 1a and GM2 on HPTLC plates and have been designated GJ1, GJ2, and GJ3, with the higher number designating the more rapidly migrating species. Occasionally, additional bands migrating in the range of polysialogangliosides were observed. The pattern of expression of GJ species was studied in forebrain, retina, and cerebellar tissue taken from embryonic day 18 (E18), postnatal day 0 (P0), P7, P14, and adult animals. Both region-specific differences in the relative prominence of each band and stage-specific differences in the total amount of the JONES gangliosides were detected. The stage- specific differences in the amount of JONES antigens are well correlated with the developmental periods of maximal cell migration in each region. While the JONES gangliosides are most prominent in forebrain before birth, in they are most prominent during the first 2 postnatal weeks. In cerebellum, JONES antigen expression is more pronounced during the 2 periods of cell migration in this tissue. In retina, the more rapidly migrating GJ3 band was the most prominent band at all stages examined, and this same band is retained in the adult. In cerebellum and forebrain GJ3 is also the most pronounced band during development. However, in contrast to the retina, the more slowly migrating GJ1 band is retained in adult forebrain and cerebellum. A variety of non-brain tissues have also been examined for the presence of the JONES antigens.

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Biochemical investigations of retinotectal adhesive specificity

Cited by 143 publications

References 42 publications

A topographic gradient of molecules in retina can be used to identify neuron position.

A topographic gradient of molecules in retina can be used to identify neuron position.

O-acetylation of a cell-surface carbohydrate creates discrete molecular patterns during neural development.

Developmental regulation of ganglioside antigens recognized by the JONES antibody

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