Biochemical mechanisms and therapeutic potential of pseudohalide thiocyanate in human health

Chandler, Joshua D.; Day, Brian J.

doi:10.3109/10715762.2014.1003372

Cited by 75 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 171 publications

(342 reference statements)

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“…Furthermore, mammalian innate immunity exploits specificity of HOSCN reactivity to place selective oxidative pressure on microbes [206]. The biochemical and physiological effects of SCN − and HOSCN have been recently reviewed [207]. …”

Section: Protein Cys Redox Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The cysteine proteome

Chandler

Jones

2015

Free Radical Biology and Medicine

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314

243

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The cysteine (Cys) proteome is a major component of the adaptive interface between the genome and the exposome. The thiol moiety of Cys undergoes a range of biologic modifications enabling biological switching of structure and reactivity. These biological modifications include sulfenylation and disulfide formation, formation of higher oxidation states, S-nitrosylation, persulfidation, metallation, and other modifications. Extensive knowledge about these systems and their compartmentalization now provides a foundation to develop advanced integrative models of Cys proteome regulation. In particular, detailed understanding of redox signaling pathways and sensing networks is becoming available to discriminate network structures. This research focuses attention on the need for atlases of Cys modifications to develop systems biology models. Such atlases will be especially useful for integrative studies linking the Cys proteome to imaging and other omics platforms, providing a basis for improved redox-based therapeutics. Thus, a framework is emerging to place the Cys proteome as a complement to the quantitative proteome in the omics continuum connecting the genome to the exposome.

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Section: Protein Cys Redox Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The cysteine proteome

Chandler

Jones

2015

Free Radical Biology and Medicine

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314

243

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“…It can reach up to millimolar concentrations in extracellular fluids [30]. Two-electron oxidation of SCN- by H 2 O 2 produces hypothiocyanite ( − OSCN), a potent antimicrobial species.…”

Section: Effect Of Thiocyanatementioning

confidence: 99%

Potentiation of antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation by inorganic salts

Hamblin

2017

Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy

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Introduction Antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (aPDI) involves the use of non-toxic dyes excited with visible light to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can destroy all classes of microorganisms including bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses. Selectivity of killing microbes over host mammalian cells allows this approach (antimicrobial photodynamic therapy, aPDT) to be used in vivo as an alternative therapeutic approach for localized infections especially those that are drug-resistant. Areas covered We have discovered that aPDI can be potentiated (up to 6 logs of extra killing) by the addition of simple inorganic salts. The most powerful and versatile salt is potassium iodide, but potassium bromide, sodium thiocyanate, sodium azide and sodium nitrite also show potentiation. The mechanism of potentiation with iodide is likely to be singlet oxygen addition to iodide to form iodine radicals, hydrogen peroxide and molecular iodine. Another mechanism involves two-electron oxidation of iodide/bromide to form hypohalites. A third mechanism involves a one-electron oxidation of azide anion to form azide radical. Expert commentary The addition of iodide has been shown to improve the performance of aPDT in several animal models of localized infection. KI is non-toxic and is an approved drug for antifungal therapy, so its transition to clinical use in aPDT should be straightforward.

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“…It has been reported many times that various peroxidase enzymes (such as lactoperoxidase, myeloperoxidase and HRP) in combination with H 2 O 2 , can oxidize thiocyanate anion to an alternative pseudohalide anion called hypothiocyanite, [OSCN] − (an analogue of hypochlorite) . [OSCN] − is a well‐known antibacterial substance that is proposed to be responsible for one of the naturally occurring antimicrobial immune systems operating in the human oral cavity and respiratory tract . It is formed by the action of lactoperoxidase on thiocyanate which occurs naturally in the saliva and bronchial fluid .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[OSCN] − is a well-known antibacterial substance that is proposed to be responsible for one of the naturally occurring antimicrobial immune systems operating in the human oral cavity and respiratory tract [22]. It is formed by the action of lactoperoxidase on thiocyanate which occurs naturally in the saliva and bronchial fluid [23].…”

Section: Studies With Hrp/h 2 Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of thiocyanate and selenocyanate for potentiation of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy

Huang

Xuan

Sarna

et al. 2018

Journal of Biophotonics

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We have previously shown that antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) mediated by different photosensitizers (PS) can be potentiated by a variety of inorganic salts. Potassium thiocyanate (KSCN) potentiated aPDT mediated by methylene blue (MB), while potassium selenocyanate (KSeCN) potentiated aPDT mediated by MB, Rose Bengal and the anionic porphyrin 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin dihydrochloride. However, the mechanisms of action that were proposed were fundamentally different. In the present study, we compare these two salts (KSCN and KSeCN) with different light-activated PS and different oxidative reactions for killing gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Overall KSeCN was more powerful than KSCN, and worked with a wider range of PS, while KSCN only worked with phenothiazinium salts. KSeCN produced killing when cells were added after light suggesting production of a semistable species called selenocyanogen (SeCN) . We tested three different oxidative reactions that can all potentially kill bacteria: lead tetraacetate (Pb[OAc] ); Fenton reagent (hydrogen peroxide [H O ] and ferrous sulfate) H O and horseradish peroxidase (HRP). In every case, KSeCN was substantially more effective (several logs) than KSCN in potentiating the bacterial killing. We conclude that (SeCN) is the mediator for aPDT using KSeCN, while sulfur trioxide radical anion is the mediator for KSCN using phenothiaziums. For H O /HRP with KSCN, hypothiocyanite is proposed to be the antibacterial agent in the literature, while hyposelenocyanite is said not to exist. Pb[OAc] is known to produce (SeCN) from KSeCN as well as the analogous (SCN) from KSCN. The mediators from Fenton reaction are unclear (pseudohalogen radical ions?) Both KSCN (which occurs naturally in the human body) and KSeCN may be clinically applicable.

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Biochemical mechanisms and therapeutic potential of pseudohalide thiocyanate in human health

Cited by 75 publications

References 171 publications

The cysteine proteome

The cysteine proteome

Potentiation of antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation by inorganic salts

Comparison of thiocyanate and selenocyanate for potentiation of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy

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