Biochemical properties and evaluation of washing performance in commercial detergent compatibility of two collagenolytic serine peptidases secreted byAspergillus fischeriandPenicillium citrinum

Abstract

Filamentous fungi secrete diverse peptidases with different biochemical properties, which is of considerable importance for application in various commercial sectors. In this study, we describe the isolation of two fungal species collected from the soil of decayed organic matter: Aspergillus fischeri and Penicillium citrinum. In a submerged bioprocess, we observed better peptidase production with the fungus P. citrinum, which reached a peak production at 168 h with 760 U/mL, in comparison with the fungus A. fischeri, which reached a peak production at 72 h with 460 U/mL. In both situations, the fermentative medium contained 0.5% crushed feathers as a source of nitrogen. On performing biochemical characterization, we detected two alkaline serine peptidases: The one secreted by P. citrinum had optimal activity at pH 7.0 and at 45°C, while the one secreted by A. fischeri had optimal activity in pH 6.5-8 and at 55-60°C. Metallic ions were effective in modulating these peptidases; in particular, Cu promoted negative modulation of both peptidases. The peptidases were stable and functional under conditions of nonionic surfactants, temperatures up to 45°C for 1 h, and incubation over a wide pH range. In addition, it was observed that both peptidases had the capacity to hydrolyze collagen and performed well in removing an egg protein stain when supplemented into a commercial powder detergent; this was especially true for the peptidase from P. citrinum.

Bacterial and Fungal Proteolytic Enzymes: Production, Catalysis and Potential Applications

“…Several studies have showed the production of serine peptidase from bacteria and fungi, for example, Silva et al [3] with Penicillium corylophilum and Penicillium waksmanii, Silva et al [29] and Silva et al [4] with A. fumigatus, Graminho et al [30] with P. waksmanii, Biaggio et al [15] with A. terreus, Ida et al [31] with Aspergillus fischeri and Penicillium citrinum, a thermostable peptidase from Geobacillus stearothermophilus [32], alkaline serine peptidase from Bacillus lehensis [33], subtilisin from B. licheniformis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens [24], and keratinases from Chryseobacterium L99 sp. nov. [34] and Bacillus halodurans PPKS-2 [35].…”

“…The use of peptidase as additives in detergent composition accounts for the largest commercial use of these enzymes. This application is due to activity and stability at alkaline pH and the formulation of detergents, as well as its action in a wide variety of protein substrates [10,31,67]. Currently, subtilisin from Bacillus species has been explored for application in detergent formulation [2].…”

“…Under SmB, Ida et al [31] reported the secretion of two collagenolytic serine peptidases from A. fischeri and P. citrinum in fermentative medium containing 0.5% crushed feathers as a source of nitrogen. This experimental research demonstrated the great potential of animal residue, chicken feather, for peptidase production.…”

Potential application spectrum of microbial proteases for clean and green industrial production

“…The enzymes enhance the efficacy of detergents for removing proteins from cloths soiled with sweat, grass, milk, egg, blood, etc. (Ida et al 2016). Proteases are the most extensively used enzymes in detergent formulations; however, amylases and lipases are also being added.…”

Screening of Aspergillus Fungi for Extra Cellular Protease and Collagenase Production

“…Despite the fact that among microorganisms producing protease and collagenase bacteria, fungi, yeast and actinomycetes are noted, micromycetes have recently become widespread due to the ease of their cultivation and high productivity. The preparations from micromycetes of the genus Aspergillus, Penicillium, and others are successfully used [13][14][15].…”