Biochemical studies on the mechanisms by which dietary antioxidants suppress mutagenic activity

Antisense Protein Kinase A RIα Inhibits 7,12-Dimethylbenz( a )anthracene-Induction of Mammary Cancer

“…Exposure of mammalian cells to a variety of chemical agents triggers the induction of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes, glutathione transferases, glucoronyl transferases, and NAD(P)H:quinone reductase, which function as intracellular detoxification systems of mutagens, carcinogens, and other toxic compounds (3,4). The structural diversity of the chemicals that induce these enzymes is remarkable and raises questions about the regulatory mechanism involved.…”

“…However, the amounts and proportion of the two subunits changed markedly over the next 2 weeks, the age at which development and maturation processes occur rapidly in rats ( Fig. 2A, no DMBA, days [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. DMBA treatment elicited a marked increase in RI␣ and a decrease in RII␤ ( Fig.…”

“…Although causative factors for the genesis of human malignancies have been recognized for many years, the identification of compounds that prevent cancer is much more recent (1)(2)(3). A surprising variety of chemicals can protect against neoplastic, mutagenic, and other toxic effects of many types of carcinogens (1,4). A striking feature of the chemoprotectors is that they belong to unrelated chemical classes such as substituted phenols, azo dyes, coumarins, sulfur compounds (disulfiram, isothiocyanates, carbone disulfide), flavones, indoles, retinoids, tocopherols, selenium compounds, and nucleotides (5,6).…”

Cancer Prevention: From 1727 to Milestones of the Past 100 Years

“…This review included summaries of early mechanistic studies of Conney (26) involving preventive agent effects in inducing phase I and phase II enzymes that inhibit carcinogenesis. Talalay helped extend this work in late-1970s studies he called ''chemoprotection'' (27,28), linking basic molecular studies with preventive effects of the food preservatives butylated hydroxyanisole and butylated hydroxytoluene and dietary approaches involving vegetables such as broccoli.…”

Cancer Prevention Research: Back to the Future

“…He surveyed prevention-related animal studies ranging from a 1929 study of mustard gas in inhibiting tar-induced skin carcinogenesis (16) to the early mechanistic studies of Lacassagne (17), Conney (18), Huggins (19), and his own in the 1950s and 1960s (20)(21)(22). Talalay helped extend this work in the late 1970s with mechanistic preclinical studies of preventive natural antioxidants, labeling these studies "chemoprotection" (23).…”