2017
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-54910-1_6
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Biochemistry and Physiology of Heavy Metal Resistance and Accumulation in Euglena

Abstract: Free-living microorganisms may become suitable models for removal of heavy metals from polluted water bodies, sediments, and soils by using and enhancing their metal accumulating abilities. The available research data indicate that protists of the genus Euglena are a highly promising group of microorganisms to be used in bio-remediation of heavy metal-polluted aerobic and anaerobic acidic aquatic environments. This chapter analyzes the variety of biochemical mechanisms evolved in E. gracilis to resist, accumul… Show more

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Cited by 25 publications
(19 citation statements)
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“…Euglena gracilis, which began to appear 500 million years ago, is a species of unicellular organisms that live mostly in freshwater (Goto and Beneragama, 2010) and has no cell walls, giving it dual characteristics of plants and animals, which enable this microalga to adopt photosynthetic, heterotrophic, and mixotrophic conditions during long-term evolution (Edmunds, 1965;Zakryś et al, 2017). During this long evolution, Euglena became a highly adaptable microorganism that survived diverse and extreme conditions on the earth, such as high UV radiation, acid mine water, man-made antibiotics, heavy metal pollution, and nutrient deprivation (Ferreira et al, 2007;Moreno-Sánchez et al, 2017). Among microalgae, E. gracilis is well-known as a producer of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) (Schwarzhans et al, 2015), vitamin E (Takeyama et al, 2015), chlorophyll a and b, several types of carotenoid pigments (Tanno et al, 2020), and polysaccharose paramylon (β-1,3-glucan) (Ivusic and Santek, 2015).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Euglena gracilis, which began to appear 500 million years ago, is a species of unicellular organisms that live mostly in freshwater (Goto and Beneragama, 2010) and has no cell walls, giving it dual characteristics of plants and animals, which enable this microalga to adopt photosynthetic, heterotrophic, and mixotrophic conditions during long-term evolution (Edmunds, 1965;Zakryś et al, 2017). During this long evolution, Euglena became a highly adaptable microorganism that survived diverse and extreme conditions on the earth, such as high UV radiation, acid mine water, man-made antibiotics, heavy metal pollution, and nutrient deprivation (Ferreira et al, 2007;Moreno-Sánchez et al, 2017). Among microalgae, E. gracilis is well-known as a producer of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) (Schwarzhans et al, 2015), vitamin E (Takeyama et al, 2015), chlorophyll a and b, several types of carotenoid pigments (Tanno et al, 2020), and polysaccharose paramylon (β-1,3-glucan) (Ivusic and Santek, 2015).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Exposure of microalgae to heavy metal ions, such as cadmium, copper, and zinc, causes ROS production and cytotoxicity. GSH and phytochelatins (PCs), which are GSH polymers found in most microalgae, bind to heavy metal ions and detoxify them [114,115]. The general formula of PCs is represented as (γGlu-Cys) n -Gly (PC n ), and microalgae can synthesize those ranging from PC 2 to PC 6 [116][117][118][119][120].…”
Section: Heavy Metal Detoxificationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The mechanisms of E. gracilis to tolerate and uptake heavy metals involve either adsorption of the metal ions to the cell wall (pellicle) or intracellular binding to thiol compounds and finally accumulation inside the chloroplasts, mitochondria, and cytoplasm for detoxification. Microalgae also have a mechanism to tolerate heavy metals by active extrusion (Moreno-Sanchez, Rodriguez-Enriquez, Jasso-Chavez, Saavedra, & Garcia-Garcia, 2017). To better understand the molecular mechanism, proteome analysis was conducted by comparing the differentially abundant proteins in heavy metal treated and untreated strains of E. gracilis (Khatiwada et al, 2020b).…”
Section: Mechanism Of Heavy Metal Tolerance In E Gracilismentioning
confidence: 99%