Biochemistry and semiconductor electronics—the next big hit for silicon?

Lindsay, Stuart

doi:10.1088/0953-8984/24/16/164201

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…These properties are highly sensitive to changes in Coulomb potential which could be modified by charged inorganic impurities or dielectric environment [29]. In addition, ultrahigh individual molecule sensitivity, high flexibility, facile chemical functionalization, low electrical noise even at room temperature [30] and finally large and renewable surface area (at 2630 m 2 g -1 , 300 times higher than graphite and two times that of single-walled CNTs) rather than other sensing platforms make it a very promising alternative for current conventional sensor applications such as silicon nanowires [31]. Highly sensitive charge carrier modulation upon interaction with various biological species and large surface area are two main advantages of graphene for bio sensing application [32].…”

Section: Carbon Based Materials As Dna Sensormentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene Sculpturene Nanopores for DNA Nucleobase Sensing

et al. 2014

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To demonstrate the potential of nanopores in bilayer graphene for DNA sequencing, we computed the current-voltage characteristics of a bilayer graphene junction containing a nanopore and found that they change significantly when nucleobases are transported through the pore. To demonstrate the sensitivity and selectivity of example devices, we computed the probability distribution PX(β) of the quantity β representing the change in the logarithmic current through the pore due to the presence of a nucleobase X (X = adenine, thymine, guanine, or cytosine). We quantified the selectivity of the bilayer-graphene nanopores by showing that PX(β) exhibits distinct peaks for each base X. To demonstrate that such discriminating sensing is a general feature of bilayer nanopores, the well-separated positions of these peaks were shown to be present for different pores, with alternative examples of electrical contacts.

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Section: Carbon Based Materials As Dna Sensormentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene Sculpturene Nanopores for DNA Nucleobase Sensing

et al. 2014

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“…Upon phosphorylation, there is an addition of negative charge on the protein and a release of proton, while ATP is converted into ADP (Lindsay 2012). Electrochemical (Kerman et al 2007; Kerman and Kraatz 2009;Kerman et al 2008) and optical techniques (Li et al 2010) to detect protein phosphorylation have proved to be highly sensitive, selective, less time consuming and more cost effective than the conventional techniques such as mass spectroscopy (Kruger et al 2006;Rusinova et al 2009), radioactive isotope (Steen et al 2005) and antibody labelling assay (Morgan et al 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmonic ruler on field-effect devices for kinase drug discovery applications

Bhalla

Formisano

Miodek

et al. 2015

Biosensors and Bioelectronics

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Protein kinases are cellular switches that mediate phosphorylation of proteins. Abnormal phosphorylation of proteins is associated with lethal diseases such as cancer. In the pharmaceutical industry, protein kinases have become an important class of drug targets. This study reports a versatile approach for the detection of protein phosphorylation. The change in charge of the myelin basic protein upon phosphorylation by the protein kinase C-alpha (PKC-α) in the presence of adenosine 5'-[γ-thio] triphosphate (ATP-S) was detected on gold metal-insulator-semiconductor (Au-MIS) capacitor structures. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) can then be attached to the thio-phosphorylated proteins, forming a Au-film/AuNP plasmonic couple. This was detected by a localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) technique alongside MIS capacitance. All reactions were validated using surface plasmon resonance technique and the interaction of AuNPs with the thio-phosphorylated proteins quantified by quartz crystal microbalance. The plasmonic coupling was also visualized by simulations using finite element analysis. The use of this approach in drug discovery applications was demonstrated by evaluating the response in the presence of a known inhibitor of PKC-α kinase. LSPR and MIS on a single platform act as a cross check mechanism for validating kinase activity and make the system robust to test novel inhibitors.

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“…This revolutionary technique is based on the creation of a nanoarray of ISFETs, which allows the detection of release of protons from phosphodiester bond formation on thousands of copy DNA molecules at once, leading to the parallel sequencing of several thousands of DNA molecules. A similar approach could be applied to protein phosphorylation studies aiming at either identifying the subset of proteins phosphorylated by a single kinase (one kinase/several potential target proteins) (Lindsay, 2012) or investigating a large number of potential inhibitors/modulators on the activity of a single kinase (one kinase/one target protein). The latter would make possible to identify novel protein kinase inhibitors and its application in the development of miniaturised drug discovery platforms can be envisaged.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein phosphorylation analysis based on proton release detection: Potential tools for drug discovery

Bhalla

Lorenzo

Pula

et al. 2014

Biosensors and Bioelectronics

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Phosphorylation is the most important post-translational modification of proteins in eukaryotic cells and it is catalysed by enzymes called kinases. The balance between protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation is critical for the regulation of physiological processes and its unbalance is the cause of several diseases. Conventional assays used to analyse the kinase activity are limited as they rely heavily on phospho-specific antibodies and radioactive tags. This makes their use impractical for high throughput drug discovery platforms. We have developed two versatile methods to detect the release of protons (H(+)) associated with the protein phosphorylation catalysed by kinases. The first approach is based on the pH-sensitive response of oxide-semiconductor interfaces and the second method detects the pH changes in phosphorylation reaction using a commercial micro-pH electrode. The proposed methods successfully detected phosphorylation of myelin basic protein by PKC-α kinase. These techniques can be readily adopted for multiplexed arrays and high throughput analysis of kinase activity, which will represent an important innovation in biomedical research and drug discovery.

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Biochemistry and semiconductor electronics—the next big hit for silicon?

Cited by 15 publications

References 20 publications

Graphene Sculpturene Nanopores for DNA Nucleobase Sensing

Graphene Sculpturene Nanopores for DNA Nucleobase Sensing

Plasmonic ruler on field-effect devices for kinase drug discovery applications

Protein phosphorylation analysis based on proton release detection: Potential tools for drug discovery

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