Biochemistry of Lycopene

Atasoy, Nurhayat

doi:10.3923/javaa.2012.2605.2610

Cited by 13 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Carotenoids, particularly lycopene, are reported to act as effective scavengers of singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ) and other ROS. Due to its 11 conjugated double bonds, LYC contains numerous electrons which can be donated to ROS, resulting in their neutralisation (Atasoy 2012). As such, LYC is able to trap ROS before these can initiate oxidative chain reactions (Choi and Seo 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lycopene (ψ,ψ-carotene; LYC) is a natural carotenoid and a powerful antioxidant found in tomatoes, watermelons, papayas and pink grapefruits (Atasoy 2012). Previous in vivo as well as in vitro reports have demonstrated that LYC may improve sperm motility, viability, morphology and testicular oxidative balance following exposure to medication (Atessahin et al 2006a;Atessahin et al 2006b), organic pollutants (Raj et al 2012;Tamiselvan et al 2013), oxidative stress promoters (Zini et al 2010;Tvrda et al 2016a) or mycotoxins (Tas et al 2010).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antioxidant effects of lycopene on bovine sperm survival and oxidative profile following cryopreservation

Tvrdá¹,

Mackovich²,

Greifová³

et al. 2017

Vet. Med. - Czech

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Reactive oxygen species overgeneration as a side effect of semen cryopreservation may lead to lipid peroxidation, protein degradation, DNA fragmentation and cell death, resulting in a decrease of sperm survival and fertilisation ability. Lycopene has been proposed as a potential supplement to semen extenders because of its antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of lycopene on the structural integrity, functional activity and selected oxidative stress parameters of cryopreserved bovine sperm. Thirty bovine ejaculates were split into two aliquots and diluted with a commercial semen extender supplemented with 1.5 mmol/l lycopene or containing no supplement (control), cooled down to 4 °C, frozen and kept in liquid nitrogen. Prior to experiments, frozen straws were thawed at 37 °C for 20 s. Lycopene addition resulted in a higher sperm motility (P < 0.001), progressive motility (P < 0.001) and all secondary motion characteristics (P < 0.001 with respect to the average path velocity, linear velocity, velocity of curvilinear motion, beat cross frequency, path straightness and linearity; P < 0.01 in the case of the amplitude of lateral head displacement). Furthermore, lycopene exhibited protective effects on the sperm membrane (P < 0.05) and acrosomal (P < 0.01) integrity in comparison to control. An assay for metabolic function revealed that lycopene supplementation to the cryopreservation medium resulted in a higher preservation of the sperm mitochondrial activity (P < 0.001). Reactive oxygen species production as well as intracellular superoxide generation were decreased following lycopene addition (P < 0.01 in the case of reactive oxygen species; P < 0.001 with respect to superoxide production). Finally, the presence of lycopene led to a decrease in protein carbonyl production (P < 0.01), lipid peroxidation (P < 0.001) as well as oxidative DNA damage (P < 0.05) when compared to control. In conclusion, lycopene exhibited significant reactive oxygen species-trapping and antioxidant properties which may prevent oxidative damage to frozen-thawed sperm, and, thus, enhance the post-thaw vitality of male reproductive cells in cattle breeding.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant effects of lycopene on bovine sperm survival and oxidative profile following cryopreservation

Tvrdá¹,

Mackovich²,

Greifová³

et al. 2017

Vet. Med. - Czech

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“…They are essential for photosynthesis and provide protection from excessive light. Hence, they are only synthesized by plants and microorganisms, but not humans 216. Consumption of fruits and vegetables is the only way humans take in carotenoids.…”

Section: Lycopenementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is lipophilic and hence more soluble in organic solvents 1518. The presence of double bonds allows for both cis- and trans-isomeric forms,2 and conversion between the forms occurs when it is exposed to light, heat or chemical reactions 1516. Although most red-colored fruits and vegetables are lycopene sources, not all red-colored foods contain lycopene 15.…”

Section: Lycopenementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It may also interact with other dietary components to result in enhanced effects 14. However, unlike the other carotenoids, lycopene does not have a beta-ionic ring at either end and therefore lacks vitamin A activity 21617. Despite the non-toxicity and proven beneficial effects of lycopene, it is yet to be considered an essential dietary component.…”

Section: Lycopenementioning

confidence: 99%

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Lycopene and male infertility

et al. 2014

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Excessive amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) cause a state of oxidative stress, which result in sperm membrane lipid peroxidation, DNA damage and apoptosis, leading to decreased sperm viability and motility. Elevated levels of ROS are a major cause of idiopathic male factor infertility, which is an increasingly common problem today. Lycopene, the most potent singlet oxygen quencher of all carotenoids, is a possible treatment option for male infertility because of its antioxidant properties. By reacting with and neutralizing free radicals, lycopene could reduce the incidence of oxidative stress and thus, lessen the damage that would otherwise be inflicted on spermatozoa. It is postulated that lycopene may have other beneficial effects via nonoxidative mechanisms in the testis, such as gap junction communication, modulation of gene expression, regulation of the cell cycle and immunoenhancement. Various lycopene supplementation studies conducted on both humans and animals have shown promising results in alleviating male infertility—lipid peroxidation and DNA damage were decreased, while sperm count and viability, and general immunity were increased. Improvement of these parameters indicates a reduction in oxidative stress, and thus the spermatozoa is less vulnerable to oxidative damage, which increases the chances of a normal sperm fertilizing the egg. Human trials have reported improvement in sperm parameters and pregnancy rates with supplementation of 4–8 mg of lycopene daily for 3–12 months. However, further detailed and extensive research is still required to determine the dosage and the usefulness of lycopene as a treatment for male infertility.

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